本文投稿作者七姑娘

“cooperate”和”collaborate”的意思比较接近，两者都能翻译成共同、协同、合作。然而两者也有意义上的重要区别，使用中不能将其随意置换

“collabrate”的意思中包含了”cooperate”的意思，而”cooperate”只能代表”collabrate”的一部分意义。

与“cooperate”单纯表示“合力”相对的，”collaborate”更着眼于这一合力的目标，表示“通过合作来催生某个结果”。

下面将列举动词”cooperate”和”collaborate”及相关名词”cooperation”和”collaboration”的使用范例：

(1) Thomas and Yamada havecollaboratedon several research projects.
(2) We are presentlycollaboratingon three papers.
(3) Theircollaborationproduced important results.
(4) The patient did notcooperatewith her physical therapist.
(5) Yourcooperationin dealing with this problem is requested.
(6) The referee did notcooperatewith the editor.

*名词”cooperation”和”collaboration”的区别与上文中所述动词的区别一致。

化学论文中”cooperate”和”collaborate”的使用例

cooperate

1. Moreover, LSD1 is part of the coREST complex and itcooperateswith HDACs and chromatin readers within the complex to participate in a multistep process allowing the transi- tion from an active to a repressed state. DOI:10.1038/nrd4154
2. According to the definition by P erez-Temprano, Caseras and Espinet the term bimetallic catalysis describes a situation in which two transition metalscooperatein a synthetic process and their actions are connected by a transmetallation step. DOI:10.1039/c2sc20312j
3. The product has a Fe₃N₂core, implying that three iron atomscooperateto break the N-N triple bond through a six-electron reduction. DOI:10.1126/science.1211906

collaborate

1. Global epigenetic alterations, including changes in histone acetylation and methylation, can lead to the silencing of key tumor suppressor genes andcollaboratewith genetic muta- tions to promote tumorigenesis DOI:10.1021/bi700664y
2. Currently, we – incollaborationwith surface physicists – test these monomers in on-surface polymerization reactions to identify suitable conditions (temperature, type of surface, coverage, etc.). DOI:10.1055/s-0032-1317959
3. Furthermore, this reaction produced large quantities of 121 (performance is maintained on gram-scale), which allowed the examination of the biosynthesis of the cyclomarazine natural products (e.g. 122) incollaborationwith the Moore group. DOI:10.1039/c0cs00182a
4. Ultimately, acollaborationwas established with Astex Therapeutics who had successfully crystallized apo-BACE-1 in a crystal form that allowed for fragment soaking. DOI:10.1021/jm070829p

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