{"id":24419,"date":"2019-02-08T11:33:12","date_gmt":"2019-02-08T03:33:12","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/?p=24419"},"modified":"2019-02-08T11:33:12","modified_gmt":"2019-02-08T03:33:12","slug":"angew-chem-int-ed-%e5%8e%bb%e5%af%b9%e7%a7%b0%e5%8c%96%e5%85%a8%e5%90%88%e6%88%90%e5%88%a9%e8%a1%80%e5%b9%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/%e5%8c%96%e5%ad%a6%e6%9d%82%e8%ae%b0\/2019\/02\/angew-chem-int-ed-%e5%8e%bb%e5%af%b9%e7%a7%b0%e5%8c%96%e5%85%a8%e5%90%88%e6%88%90%e5%88%a9%e8%a1%80%e5%b9%b3.html","title":{"rendered":"Angew. Chem.,Int. Ed. \u53bb\u5bf9\u79f0\u5316\u5168\u5408\u6210\u5229\u8840\u5e73"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u9996\u5c14\u5927\u5b66David Yu-Kai Chen\u00a0<\/a>\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4<\/strong>\u4f7f\u7528\u53bb\u5bf9\u79f0\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5229\u8840\u5e73\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210\u3002\u4e0e\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u5df2\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\u5373\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8be5\u5168\u5408\u6210\u3002<\/b><\/p>\n

\u5229\u8840\u5e73<\/h4>\n

\u5929\u7136\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7a00\u6709\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5408\u6210\u4f9b\u5e94\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u65b0\u5408\u6210\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4ece\u5370\u5ea6\u86c7\u6728\u7684\u6839\u30fb\u6839\u830e\u63d0\u53d6\u5206\u79bb\u3001\u5e76\u4e14\u7ed3\u6784\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5229\u8840\u5e73(1<\/b>: \u56fe<\/span>1A)\uff0c\u4e4b\u540eWoodward\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u73af\u7684\u7acb\u4f53\u63a7\u5236\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5229\u8840\u5e73\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u6709\u673a\u5408\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u5f0f\u7684\u5408\u6210\u30021<\/strong>\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4e94\u4e2a\u73af\u9aa8\u67b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5b98\u80fd\u5316\u7684\u73af\u5df1\u70f7\u73af\uff08E\u73af\uff09<\/span>\u30021956<\/span>\u5e74Woodward\u7b49\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u7acb\u4f53\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u73af\u6784\u5efa\u6cd5\u5168\u5408\u6210\u4e86<\/span>1<\/span><\/b>(\u56fe<\/span>1B)[1]<\/sup><\/span>\u3002\u4ece\u8be5\u62a5\u9053\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u57fa\u70b9\u5f88\u591a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5408\u6210\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f7f\u7528[4 + 2]\u73af\u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u73af\u5316\uff0ccope\u91cd\u6392\u7b49\u5408\u6210\u4e861<\/strong>\u3002\u8be6\u7ec6\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u80032005\u5e74\u7684\u5229\u8840\u5e73\u5408\u6210\u7684review[2]<\/span><\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3000\u8fd9\u6b21\u3001\u9996\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u7684Chen<\/span>\u6559\u6388\u7b49\u4eba\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u4e13\u6ce8\u7684\u53bb\u5bf9\u79f0\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5229\u8840\u5e73\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210[3]<\/span><\/sup>\u3002\u9006\u5408\u6210\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5229\u8840\u5e73\u7684E\u73af\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u73af\u5df1\u916e8<\/strong>\u5408\u6210(\u56fe<\/span>1C)<\/span>\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5c06\u8272\u80fa\u9aa8\u67b6\u5f15\u51658<\/strong>\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5408\u6210\u7684\u4e2d\u76d8\u9636\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u53bb\u5bf9\u79f0\u5316\u3002\u6700\u540e\u5bf9E\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u8f6c\u5316\u5408\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u4ea7\u72691<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u53bb\u5bf9\u79f0\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5355\u7684E\u73af\u524d\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b01<\/span><\/b>\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210<\/span>\u3002<\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe1. (A) \u5229\u8840\u5e73\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3000(B) Woodward\u6cd5\u5168\u5408\u6210 \u3000(C) \u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u5408\u6210\u7b56\u7565<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u201cA Desymmetrization-Based Total Synthesis of Reserpine\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n

Park, J.; Chen, D. Y. -K. Angew. Chem.<\/em>,<\/em>Int. Ed.<\/em>2018<\/strong>, 57<\/em>, 16152.<\/p>\n

DOI: 10.1002\/anie.201810974<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u4ecb\u7ecd<\/h4>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

David Yu-Kai Chen\u00a0<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

\u7ecf\u5386\uff1a<\/p>\n

1998-2001 Ph.D. Cambridge University, UK. (Prof. I. Paterson)
\n2002-2003 Postdoctoral Research Associate, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, USA (Prof.
K. C. Nicolaou<\/a>)
\n2004-2005 Senior Research Chemist, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, USA
\n2005-2011 Principal Investigator, Chemical Synthesis Laboratory @Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore
\n2005-2011 Adjunct Associate Professor, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
\n2011- Professor, Seoul National University, South Korea<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u5929\u7136\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210<\/p>\n

\u8bba\u6587\u6982\u8981<\/h4>\n

Chen<\/span>\u6559\u6388\u7b49\u4eba\u3001\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u5bf9\u79f0\u4e14\u5408\u6210\u5bb9\u6613\u7684E\u73af\u524d\u4f53\u5316\u5408\u726911<\/span><\/b>\u3002\u5728\u9178\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u79f0\u73af\u5df1\u916e11<\/strong>\u548c6-\u7532\u6c27\u57fa\u8272\u80fa12<\/strong>\u7684Pictet-Spengler\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8131\u4fdd\u62a4\u5408\u621013<\/strong>\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9507\u6c27\u5316\u5c0613<\/strong>\u7684\u53cc\u952e\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u4e8c\u9187\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u901a\u8fc7Criegee\u4e59\u4e8c\u9187\u6c27\u5316\u88c2\u89e3<\/a>\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u53cc\u919b\u5f62\u5f0f\u768415a<\/strong>\uff08\u548c\u53cc\u534a\u7f29\u919b\u5f62\u5f0f15<\/strong>\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u8be5\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u4f7f\u7528Pd\/C\u63a5\u89e6\u8fd8\u539f\u9664\u53bbCbz<\/span>\u57fa\u3001\u63a5\u7740\u901a\u8fc7\u5f62\u6210\u4e9a\u80fa\u2192\u8fd8\u539f\u7684\u4e32\u8054\u53cd\u5e94\u53d1\u751f\u53bb\u5bf9\u79f0\u5316\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u5316\u5408\u726918<\/strong>\u3001\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b8c\u6210\u4e861<\/strong>\u7684\u78b3\u9aa8\u67b6\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6570\u6b65\u5408\u621019<\/strong>\uff0c\u5728L-\u812f\u6c28\u9178\u50ac\u5316\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e9a\u785d\u57fa\u82ef\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u5bf9C17\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7acb\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\u6c27\u5316\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u5bf9E\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u8f6c\u6362\u4e0e\u8131\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5229\u8840\u5e73(1<\/b>)\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210<\/span>\u3002\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u8bba\u6587\u3002<\/b><\/p>\n

\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u56fe2. \u53bb\u5bf9\u79f0\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u8fdb\u884c\u5229\u8840\u5e73\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u7efc\u4e0a\u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u53bb\u5bf9\u79f0\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5408\u6210\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5177\u6709\u7b80\u5355\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u6750\u6599\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u5229\u8840\u5e73\u3002\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u5f88\u671f\u5f85\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u9aa8\u67b6\u7684\u5929\u7136\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h4>\n
    \n
  1. Woodward, R. B.; Bader, F. E.; Bickel, H., Frey, A. J.; Kierstead, R. W. Tetrahedron<\/em>1958<\/strong>, 2, <\/em>DOI: 10.1016\/0040-4020(58)88022-9<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Chen, F.-E.; Huang, J. Chem.<\/em>\u00a0Rev<\/em>. 2005<\/strong>,105<\/em>, 4671. DOI:10.1021\/cr050521a<\/a>]<\/li>\n
  3. Selected examples of desymmetrization-based total synthesis, see: (a) Inoue, M.; Sato, T.; Hirama, M. J.<\/em>\u00a0Am. Chem. Soc. <\/em>2003<\/strong>, 125<\/em>, 10772. DOI: 10.1021\/ja036587+<\/a>(b) Malinowski, J. T.; Sharpe, R. J.; Johnson, J. S. Science <\/em>2013<\/strong>, 340<\/em>, 180. 10.1126\/science.1234756<\/a>(c) Nagatomo, M.; Koshimizu, M.; Masuda, K.; Tabuchi, T.; Urabe, D.; Inoue, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc.<\/em>2014<\/strong>, 136<\/em>, 5916. 10.1021\/ja502770n<\/a>(d) Yoshii, Y.; Tokuyama, H.; Chen, D. Y.-K.; Angew. Chem., Int. Ed<\/em>. 2017<\/strong>, 56<\/em>, 12277. DOI: 10.1002\/anie.201706312<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    \u672c\u6587\u7248\u6743\u5c5e\u4e8e\u00a0Chem-Station\u5316\u5b66\u7a7a\u95f4<\/a>\uff0c \u6b22\u8fce\u70b9\u51fb\u6309\u94ae\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u672a\u7ecf\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u8c22\u7edd\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u9996\u5c14\u5927\u5b66David Yu-Kai Chen\u00a0\u8bfe\u9898\u7ec4\u4f7f\u7528\u53bb\u5bf9\u79f0\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5229\u8840\u5e73\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210\u3002\u4e0e\u76ee\u524d\u4e3a\u6b62\u5df2\u62a5\u9053\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u672c\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\u5373\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u8be5\u5168\u5408\u6210\u3002 \u5229\u8840\u5e73 \u5929\u7136\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5bf9\u4e8e\u7a00\u6709\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5408\u6210\u4f9b\u5e94\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u6784\u5efa\u590d\u6742\u7ed3\u6784\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u65b0\u5408\u6210\u7b56\u7565\u3002\u4ece\u5370\u5ea6\u86c7\u6728\u7684\u6839\u30fb\u6839\u830e\u63d0\u53d6\u5206\u79bb\u3001\u5e76\u4e14\u7ed3\u6784\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u5229\u8840\u5e73(1: \u56fe1A)\uff0c\u4e4b\u540eWoodward\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u73af\u7684\u7acb\u4f53\u63a7\u5236\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5229\u8840\u5e73\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u73b0\u4ee3\u6709\u673a\u5408\u6210\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u5f0f\u7684\u5408\u6210\u30021\u662f\u5177\u6709\u4e94\u4e2a\u73af\u9aa8\u67b6\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5b98\u80fd\u5316\u7684\u73af\u5df1\u70f7\u73af\uff08E\u73af\uff09\u30021956\u5e74Woodward\u7b49\u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u7acb\u4f53\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u73af\u6784\u5efa\u6cd5\u5168\u5408\u6210\u4e861(\u56fe1B)[1]\u3002\u4ece\u8be5\u62a5\u9053\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b64\u4e3a\u57fa\u70b9\u5f88\u591a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5408\u6210\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u4f7f\u7528[4 + 2]\u73af\u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u81ea\u7531\u57fa\u73af\u5316\uff0ccope\u91cd\u6392\u7b49\u5408\u6210\u4e861\u3002\u8be6\u7ec6\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c2\u80032005\u5e74\u7684\u5229\u8840\u5e73\u5408\u6210\u7684review[2]\u3002 \u3000\u8fd9\u6b21\u3001\u9996\u5c14\u5927\u5b66\u7684Chen\u6559\u6388\u7b49\u4eba\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u4e13\u6ce8\u7684\u53bb\u5bf9\u79f0\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u5229\u8840\u5e73\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210[3]\u3002\u9006\u5408\u6210\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5229\u8840\u5e73\u7684E\u73af\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u79f0\u7684\u73af\u5df1\u916e8\u5408\u6210(\u56fe1C)\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u5728\u5c06\u8272\u80fa\u9aa8\u67b6\u5f15\u51658\u540e\uff0c\u5728\u5408\u6210\u7684\u4e2d\u76d8\u9636\u6bb5\u8fdb\u884c\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u53bb\u5bf9\u79f0\u5316\u3002\u6700\u540e\u5bf9E\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u8f6c\u5316\u5408\u6210\u76ee\u6807\u4ea7\u72691\u3002\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8fd9\u6b21\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u53bb\u5bf9\u79f0\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f18\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u7ed3\u6784\u7b80\u5355\u7684E\u73af\u524d\u4f53\u5b9e\u73b01\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210\u3002 \u56fe1. (A) \u5229\u8840\u5e73\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u3000(B) Woodward\u6cd5\u5168\u5408\u6210 \u3000(C) \u8fd9\u6b21\u7684\u5408\u6210\u7b56\u7565 \u201cA Desymmetrization-Based Total Synthesis of Reserpine\u201d Park, J.; Chen, D. Y. -K. Angew. Chem.,Int. Ed.2018, 57, 16152. DOI: 10.1002\/anie.201810974 \u8bba\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\u4ecb\u7ecd David Yu-Kai Chen\u00a0 \u7ecf\u5386\uff1a 1998-2001 Ph.D. Cambridge University, UK. (Prof. I. Paterson) 2002-2003 Postdoctoral Research Associate, The Scripps Research Institute, San Diego, USA (Prof. K. C. Nicolaou) 2004-2005 Senior Research Chemist, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, USA 2005-2011 Principal Investigator, Chemical Synthesis Laboratory @Biopolis, A*STAR, Singapore 2005-2011 Adjunct Associate Professor, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 2011- Professor, Seoul National University, South Korea \u7814\u7a76\u5185\u5bb9\uff1a\u5929\u7136\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210 \u8bba\u6587\u6982\u8981 Chen\u6559\u6388\u7b49\u4eba\u3001\u7740\u773c\u4e8e\u5bf9\u79f0\u4e14\u5408\u6210\u5bb9\u6613\u7684E\u73af\u524d\u4f53\u5316\u5408\u726911\u3002\u5728\u9178\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u79f0\u73af\u5df1\u916e11\u548c6-\u7532\u6c27\u57fa\u8272\u80fa12\u7684Pictet-Spengler\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8131\u4fdd\u62a4\u5408\u621013\u3002\u6b64\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u9507\u6c27\u5316\u5c0613\u7684\u53cc\u952e\u8f6c\u53d8\u6210\u4e8c\u9187\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u518d\u901a\u8fc7Criegee\u4e59\u4e8c\u9187\u6c27\u5316\u88c2\u89e3\uff0c\u5408\u6210\u53cc\u919b\u5f62\u5f0f\u768415a\uff08\u548c\u53cc\u534a\u7f29\u919b\u5f62\u5f0f15\u7684\u6df7\u5408\u7269\uff09\u3002\u5bf9\u8be5\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u4f7f\u7528Pd\/C\u63a5\u89e6\u8fd8\u539f\u9664\u53bbCbz\u57fa\u3001\u63a5\u7740\u901a\u8fc7\u5f62\u6210\u4e9a\u80fa\u2192\u8fd8\u539f\u7684\u4e32\u8054\u53cd\u5e94\u53d1\u751f\u53bb\u5bf9\u79f0\u5316\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u5316\u5408\u726918\u3001\u5230\u8fd9\u91cc\u5b8c\u6210\u4e861\u7684\u78b3\u9aa8\u67b6\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u3002\u63a5\u7740\uff0c\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u6570\u6b65\u5408\u621019\uff0c\u5728L-\u812f\u6c28\u9178\u50ac\u5316\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0e\u4e9a\u785d\u57fa\u82ef\u5b58\u5728\u4e0b\u5bf9C17\u4f4d\u8fdb\u884c\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u7acb\u4f53\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u7684\u6c27\u5316\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u5bf9E\u73af\u8fdb\u884c\u5b98\u80fd\u56e2\u8f6c\u6362\u4e0e\u8131\u4fdd\u62a4\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5229\u8840\u5e73(1)\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210\u3002\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bf7\u53c2\u8003\u8bba\u6587\u3002 \u56fe2. \u53bb\u5bf9\u79f0\u5316\u7b56\u7565\u8fdb\u884c\u5229\u8840\u5e73\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210 \u7efc\u4e0a\u3001\u4f5c\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u53bb\u5bf9\u79f0\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e0e\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684\u5408\u6210\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5177\u6709\u7b80\u5355\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u6750\u6599\u5408\u6210\u4e86\u5229\u8840\u5e73\u3002\u5c06\u6765\uff0c\u5f88\u671f\u5f85\u8be5\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u5e94\u7528\u4e8e\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u9aa8\u67b6\u7684\u5929\u7136\u4ea7\u7269\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210\u3002 \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e Woodward, R. 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