{"id":28319,"date":"2019-08-12T09:58:59","date_gmt":"2019-08-12T01:58:59","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/?p=28319"},"modified":"2019-08-12T09:59:36","modified_gmt":"2019-08-12T01:59:36","slug":"72-%e9%93%aa-%e8%80%90%e7%83%ad%e5%90%88%e9%87%91%e7%9a%84%e6%b7%bb%e5%8a%a0%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/elements\/2019\/08\/72-%e9%93%aa-%e8%80%90%e7%83%ad%e5%90%88%e9%87%91%e7%9a%84%e6%b7%bb%e5%8a%a0%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0.html","title":{"rendered":"72 \u94ea \u8010\u70ed\u5408\u91d1\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4f5c\u8005 \u6f02\u6cca
\n\u94ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u9506\u6027\u8d28\u6781\u4e3a\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5438\u6536\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u6545\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u68d2\uff1b\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u94ea\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u8010\u70ed\u5408\u91d1\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u8584\u819c\u6750\u6599\u4ee5\u53ca\u6805\u6781\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u529f\u7387\u6fc0\u5149\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u5236\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n

\u94ea\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong><\/td>\n\u7b2c\u2163B\u65cf▪\u91d1\u5c5e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u53f7<\/strong>\u30fb<\/strong>\u539f\u5b50\u91cf<\/strong><\/td>\n72 (178.49)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7535\u5b50\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/td>\n5d2<\/sup>6s2<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td>\n13.31 g\/cm\u00a03\u00a0<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7194\u70b9<\/strong><\/td>\n2227\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6cb8\u70b9<\/strong><\/td>\n4602\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u8272<\/strong>\u30fb<\/strong>\u5f62\u72b6<\/strong><\/td>\n\u94f6\u7070\u8272\u91d1\u5c5e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4e30\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td>\n5.3ppm\uff08\u5730\u58f3\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u53d1\u73b0\u8005<\/strong><\/td>\nGeorge Charles de Hevesy, Coster<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20<\/strong><\/td>\n174<\/sup>Hf, 176<\/sup>Hf, 177<\/sup>Hf, 178<\/sup>Hf, 179<\/sup>Hf, 180<\/sup>Hf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7528\u9014\u4f8b<\/strong><\/td>\n\u8010\u70ed\u5408\u91d1\uff0c\u6805\u6781\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b50\u5438\u6536\u5242<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u524d\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/td>\n\u9565-\u94ea-\u94bd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u94ea\u7684\u53d1\u73b0<\/h4>\n

\u65e9\u57281869\u5e74\uff0c\u95e8\u6377\u5217\u592b\u53d1\u73b0\u201c\u5316\u5b66\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u5f8b\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u9884\u6d4b\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u949b\u548c\u9506\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7269\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u83ab\u65af\u83b1\u5728\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u5143\u7d20\u7684X\u5c04\u7ebf\u5149\u8c31\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u540e\uff0c\u63a8\u6d4b\u94a1\u548c\u94bd\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e94\u8be5\u670916\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u9664\u4e8661\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\u548c72\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f5914\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u9567\u7cfb\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

1914\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u58f0\u79f0\u53d1\u73b0\u4e8672\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dGeorges Urbain\u58f0\u79f0\u4ed6\u4e8e1907\u5e74\u5728\u7a00\u571f\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e8672\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e1911\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u8bba\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u540e\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u3002<\/p>\n

1913\u5e74\uff0c\u4e39\u9ea6\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u73bb\u5c14\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8bba\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u57281921-1922\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5916\u7535\u5b50\u6392\u5e03\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u73bb\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c72\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7a00\u571f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u548c\u9506\u662f\u540c\u65cf\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c72\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u7a00\u571f\u5143\u7d20\u77ff\u7269\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u5f53\u4ece\u542b\u9506\u548c\u949b\u7684\u77ff\u77f3\u4e2d\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u30021923\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u73bb\u5c14\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u83ab\u65af\u83b1\u7684X\u5c04\u7ebf\u5149\u8c31\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u2022\u5e15\u5185\u7279\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53c2\u6570\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a72\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u9506\u6027\u8d28\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7a00\u571f\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a8\u8bba\uff0c1923\u5e74\u5308\u7259\u5229\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6George Charles de Hevesy\u548c\u4e39\u9ea6\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Coster\u5bf9\u6e90\u81ea\u632a\u5a01\u548c\u683c\u9675\u5170\u7684\u542b\u9506\u77ff\u77f3\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86X\u5c04\u7ebf\u5149\u8c31\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u679c\u771f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eaa\u5ff5\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u6240\u5728\u5730\u2014\u2014\u4e39\u9ea6\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u5b83\u4e3ahafnium(\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u540dHafnia)\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u7b26\u53f7\u5b9a\u4e3aHf\u30021925\u5e74\uff0cHevesy\u548cCoster\u7528\u542b\u6c1f\u7edc\u76d0\u5206\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6676\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u79bb\u6389\u9506\u3001\u949b\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7eaf\u7684\u94ea\u76d0\uff1b\u5e76\u7528\u91d1\u5c5e\u94a0\u8fd8\u539f\u94ea\u76d0\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7eaf\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u94ea\uff0c\u5236\u5f97\u4e86\u51e0\u6beb\u514b\u7eaf\u94ea\u7684\u6837\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n

1925\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4ebaA.E.Van Arkel\u548cJ.H.deBoer\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u7898\u5316\u7269\u70ed\u5206\u79bb\u6cd5\u5236\u5f97\u91d1\u5c5e\u94ea\u3002\u7898\u5316\u7269\u70ed\u79bb\u89e3\u6cd5\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u94ea\u7eaf\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff0c\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u7eaf\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u5c0f\uff0c\u80fd\u8017\u53ca\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\uff0c\u5df2\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u66ff\u4ee3\u30021940\u5e74\uff0c\u5362\u68ee\u5821\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6De William J. Kroll\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u7528\u91d1\u5c5e\u9541\u8fd8\u539f\u56db\u6c2f\u5316\u949b\u5236\u53d6\u6d77\u7ef5\u949b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u56db\u6c2f\u5316\u94ea\u4e0e\u56db\u6c2f\u5316\u949b\u6027\u8d28\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u9541\u8fd8\u539f\u6cd5\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u94ea\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u91d1\u5c5e\u94ea\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002[1-8]<\/sup><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u91d1\u5c5e\u94ea<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea<\/h4>\n

\u5149\u5b66\u8584\u819c\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5149\u5b66\u5143\u4ef6\u53ca\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5149\u5b66\u5143\u4ef6\u53ca\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u8584\u819c\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u6298\u5c04\u7387\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6fc0\u5149\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8584\u819c\u6750\u6599\u3002\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u70ed\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u53ca\u5316\u5b66\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u53ca\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u5907\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6297\u6fc0\u5149\u635f\u4f24\u9608\u503c\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u529f\u7387\u6fc0\u5149\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u8005\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002[9]<\/sup><\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea\u8fd8\u5177\u5907\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u53ca\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u5e26\u9699\uff0c\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u4e8eCMOS\u5668\u4ef6\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u6805\u4ecb\u8d28\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u6709\u671b\u7528\u4e8e\u53d6\u4ee3\u73b0\u5728\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u3002\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u867d\u7136\u5bb9\u6613\u52a0\u5de5\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u6805\u6781\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u539a\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u81f31.2\u7eb3\u7c73\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e5\u5c42\u539f\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u8be5\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7f29\u81f3\u539f\u5b50\u5927\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u8017\u7535\u548c\u6563\u70ed\u96be\u5ea6\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u70ed\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7535\u80fd\u635f\u8017\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u82e5\u7ee7\u7eed\u91c7\u7528\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u51cf\u5c11\u539a\u5ea6\uff0c\u6805\u6781\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u6f0f\u7535\u60c5\u51b5\u52bf\u5c06\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u6500\u5347\uff0c\u4ee4\u7f29\u5c0f\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u6280\u672f\u906d\u9047\u6781\u9650\u3002\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u6b63\u89c4\u5212\u6539\u7528\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6805\u6781\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6f0f\u7535\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e10\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u4e0e\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u4e0a\u4e00\u4ee365\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6805\u6781\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u768445\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u4ee4\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u5bc6\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\u8fd12\u500d\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u7535\u529b\u66f4\u4f4e\uff0c\u8017\u7535\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd130%\uff0c\u5f00\u5173\u52a8\u4f5c\u901f\u5ea6\u7ea6\u52a0\u5feb20%\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u3002[10-11]<\/sup><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5177\u6709\u8584\u819c\u5149\u5b66\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u94ea\u6c27\u5316\u952d<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u5b50\u5438\u6536\u5242<\/h4>\n

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\"\"<\/a>
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 <\/p>\n

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