{"id":28319,"date":"2019-08-12T09:58:59","date_gmt":"2019-08-12T01:58:59","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/?p=28319"},"modified":"2019-08-12T09:59:36","modified_gmt":"2019-08-12T01:59:36","slug":"72-%e9%93%aa-%e8%80%90%e7%83%ad%e5%90%88%e9%87%91%e7%9a%84%e6%b7%bb%e5%8a%a0%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/elements\/2019\/08\/72-%e9%93%aa-%e8%80%90%e7%83%ad%e5%90%88%e9%87%91%e7%9a%84%e6%b7%bb%e5%8a%a0%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0.html","title":{"rendered":"72 \u94ea \u8010\u70ed\u5408\u91d1\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u5143\u7d20"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u4f5c\u8005 \u6f02\u6cca<br \/>\n\u94ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u9506\u6027\u8d28\u6781\u4e3a\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5438\u6536\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u6545\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u68d2\uff1b\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u94ea\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u8010\u70ed\u5408\u91d1\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u8584\u819c\u6750\u6599\u4ee5\u53ca\u6805\u6781\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u529f\u7387\u6fc0\u5149\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u5236\u9020\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u94ea\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28<\/strong><\/p>\n<table width=\"585\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"132\"><strong>\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">\u7b2c\u2163B\u65cf&#x25aa;\u91d1\u5c5e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"132\"><strong>\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u53f7<\/strong><strong>\u30fb<\/strong><strong>\u539f\u5b50\u91cf<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">72 (178.49)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"132\"><strong>\u7535\u5b50\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">5d<sup>2<\/sup>6s<sup>2<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"132\"><strong>\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">13.31 g\/cm\u00a0<sup>3\u00a0<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"132\"><strong>\u7194\u70b9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">2227\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"132\"><strong>\u6cb8\u70b9<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">4602\u00b0C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"132\"><strong>\u8272<\/strong><strong>\u30fb<\/strong><strong>\u5f62\u72b6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">\u94f6\u7070\u8272\u91d1\u5c5e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"132\"><strong>\u4e30\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">5.3ppm\uff08\u5730\u58f3\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"132\"><strong>\u53d1\u73b0\u8005<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">George Charles de Hevesy, Coster<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"132\"><strong>\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\"><sup>174<\/sup>Hf,<sup> 176<\/sup>Hf,<sup> 177<\/sup>Hf,<sup> 178<\/sup>Hf,<sup> 179<\/sup>Hf,<sup> 180<\/sup>Hf<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"132\"><strong>\u7528\u9014\u4f8b<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">\u8010\u70ed\u5408\u91d1\uff0c\u6805\u6781\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b50\u5438\u6536\u5242<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"132\"><strong>\u524d\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/td>\n<td width=\"454\">\u9565-\u94ea-\u94bd<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h4>\u94ea\u7684\u53d1\u73b0<\/h4>\n<p>\u65e9\u57281869\u5e74\uff0c\u95e8\u6377\u5217\u592b\u53d1\u73b0\u201c\u5316\u5b66\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u5f8b\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u9884\u6d4b\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u949b\u548c\u9506\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7269\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u83ab\u65af\u83b1\u5728\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u5143\u7d20\u7684X\u5c04\u7ebf\u5149\u8c31\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u540e\uff0c\u63a8\u6d4b\u94a1\u548c\u94bd\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e94\u8be5\u670916\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u9664\u4e8661\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\u548c72\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f5914\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u9567\u7cfb\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1914\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u58f0\u79f0\u53d1\u73b0\u4e8672\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dGeorges Urbain\u58f0\u79f0\u4ed6\u4e8e1907\u5e74\u5728\u7a00\u571f\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e8672\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e1911\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u8bba\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u540e\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1913\u5e74\uff0c\u4e39\u9ea6\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u73bb\u5c14\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8bba\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u57281921-1922\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5916\u7535\u5b50\u6392\u5e03\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u73bb\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c72\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7a00\u571f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u548c\u9506\u662f\u540c\u65cf\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c72\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u7a00\u571f\u5143\u7d20\u77ff\u7269\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u5f53\u4ece\u542b\u9506\u548c\u949b\u7684\u77ff\u77f3\u4e2d\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u30021923\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u73bb\u5c14\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u83ab\u65af\u83b1\u7684X\u5c04\u7ebf\u5149\u8c31\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u2022\u5e15\u5185\u7279\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53c2\u6570\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a72\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u9506\u6027\u8d28\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7a00\u571f\u5143\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a8\u8bba\uff0c1923\u5e74\u5308\u7259\u5229\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6George Charles de Hevesy\u548c\u4e39\u9ea6\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Coster\u5bf9\u6e90\u81ea\u632a\u5a01\u548c\u683c\u9675\u5170\u7684\u542b\u9506\u77ff\u77f3\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86X\u5c04\u7ebf\u5149\u8c31\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u679c\u771f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eaa\u5ff5\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u6240\u5728\u5730\u2014\u2014\u4e39\u9ea6\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u5b83\u4e3ahafnium(\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u540dHafnia)\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u7b26\u53f7\u5b9a\u4e3aHf\u30021925\u5e74\uff0cHevesy\u548cCoster\u7528\u542b\u6c1f\u7edc\u76d0\u5206\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6676\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u79bb\u6389\u9506\u3001\u949b\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7eaf\u7684\u94ea\u76d0\uff1b\u5e76\u7528\u91d1\u5c5e\u94a0\u8fd8\u539f\u94ea\u76d0\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7eaf\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u94ea\uff0c\u5236\u5f97\u4e86\u51e0\u6beb\u514b\u7eaf\u94ea\u7684\u6837\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1925\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4ebaA.E.Van Arkel\u548cJ.H.deBoer\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u7898\u5316\u7269\u70ed\u5206\u79bb\u6cd5\u5236\u5f97\u91d1\u5c5e\u94ea\u3002\u7898\u5316\u7269\u70ed\u79bb\u89e3\u6cd5\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u94ea\u7eaf\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff0c\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u7eaf\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u5c0f\uff0c\u80fd\u8017\u53ca\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\uff0c\u5df2\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u66ff\u4ee3\u30021940\u5e74\uff0c\u5362\u68ee\u5821\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6De William J. Kroll\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u7528\u91d1\u5c5e\u9541\u8fd8\u539f\u56db\u6c2f\u5316\u949b\u5236\u53d6\u6d77\u7ef5\u949b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u56db\u6c2f\u5316\u94ea\u4e0e\u56db\u6c2f\u5316\u949b\u6027\u8d28\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u9541\u8fd8\u539f\u6cd5\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u94ea\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u91d1\u5c5e\u94ea\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<sup>[1-8]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2019\/08\/4cee6c37f314aba7c370710c5ac233ca.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28321\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2019\/08\/4cee6c37f314aba7c370710c5ac233ca.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"516\" height=\"112\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2019\/08\/4cee6c37f314aba7c370710c5ac233ca.png 516w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2019\/08\/4cee6c37f314aba7c370710c5ac233ca-300x65.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 516px) 100vw, 516px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u91d1\u5c5e\u94ea<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea<\/h4>\n<p>\u5149\u5b66\u8584\u819c\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5149\u5b66\u5143\u4ef6\u53ca\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5149\u5b66\u5143\u4ef6\u53ca\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u8584\u819c\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u6298\u5c04\u7387\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6fc0\u5149\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8584\u819c\u6750\u6599\u3002\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u70ed\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u53ca\u5316\u5b66\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u53ca\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u5907\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6297\u6fc0\u5149\u635f\u4f24\u9608\u503c\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u529f\u7387\u6fc0\u5149\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u8005\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<sup>[9]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea\u8fd8\u5177\u5907\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u53ca\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u5e26\u9699\uff0c\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u4e8eCMOS\u5668\u4ef6\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u6805\u4ecb\u8d28\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u6709\u671b\u7528\u4e8e\u53d6\u4ee3\u73b0\u5728\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u3002\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u867d\u7136\u5bb9\u6613\u52a0\u5de5\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u6805\u6781\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u539a\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u81f31.2\u7eb3\u7c73\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e5\u5c42\u539f\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u8be5\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7f29\u81f3\u539f\u5b50\u5927\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u8017\u7535\u548c\u6563\u70ed\u96be\u5ea6\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u70ed\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7535\u80fd\u635f\u8017\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u82e5\u7ee7\u7eed\u91c7\u7528\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u51cf\u5c11\u539a\u5ea6\uff0c\u6805\u6781\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u6f0f\u7535\u60c5\u51b5\u52bf\u5c06\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u6500\u5347\uff0c\u4ee4\u7f29\u5c0f\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u6280\u672f\u906d\u9047\u6781\u9650\u3002\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u6b63\u89c4\u5212\u6539\u7528\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6805\u6781\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6f0f\u7535\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e10\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u4e0e\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u4e0a\u4e00\u4ee365\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6805\u6781\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u768445\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u4ee4\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u5bc6\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\u8fd12\u500d\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u7535\u529b\u66f4\u4f4e\uff0c\u8017\u7535\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd130%\uff0c\u5f00\u5173\u52a8\u4f5c\u901f\u5ea6\u7ea6\u52a0\u5feb20%\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u3002<sup>[10-11]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2019\/08\/3afd19a1a047cf580710ca4352f6db45.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28322\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2019\/08\/3afd19a1a047cf580710ca4352f6db45.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"358\" height=\"143\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2019\/08\/3afd19a1a047cf580710ca4352f6db45.png 358w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2019\/08\/3afd19a1a047cf580710ca4352f6db45-300x120.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 358px) 100vw, 358px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u5177\u6709\u8584\u819c\u5149\u5b66\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u94ea\u6c27\u5316\u952d<\/p>\n<h4>\u4e2d\u5b50\u5438\u6536\u5242<\/h4>\n<p>\u94ea\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u7684\u6838\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5404\u81ea\u5438\u6536\u591a\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u70ed\u4e2d\u5b50\u6355\u83b7\u622a\u9762\u5927\uff0c\u662f\u8f83\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u4e2d\u5b50\u5438\u6536\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u94ea\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u63a7\u5236\u68d2\u7684\u826f\u597d\u6750\u6599\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e2d\u5b50\u4fd8\u83b7\u622a\u9762\u7ea6\u4e3a\u9506\u7684600\u500d\u3002\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u68d2\u7684\u826f\u597d\u4e2d\u5b50\u5438\u6536\u5242\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u9549\u548c\u787c\u3002\uff09\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u8010\u8150\u8680\u6027\u80fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u94ea\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u538b\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u7684\u6076\u52a3\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u578b\u53cd\u5e94\u5806FRM II\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u94ea\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5b50\u5438\u6536\u5242\u3002<sup>[12-13]<\/sup><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2019\/08\/f3729183a4334602308e2a0e8d78e739.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28323\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2019\/08\/f3729183a4334602308e2a0e8d78e739.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"427\" height=\"310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2019\/08\/f3729183a4334602308e2a0e8d78e739.png 427w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2019\/08\/f3729183a4334602308e2a0e8d78e739-300x218.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 427px) 100vw, 427px\" \/><\/a><br \/>\n\u94ea\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u63a7\u5236\u68d2<\/p>\n<h4>\u94ea\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u7528\u9014<\/h4>\n<p>\u94ea\u7531\u4e8e\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u6545\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5cX\u5c04\u7ebf\u7ba1\u7684\u9634\u6781\uff0c\u94ea\u548c\u94a8\u6216\u94bc\u7684\u5408\u91d1\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u9ad8\u538b\u653e\u7535\u7ba1\u7684\u7535\u6781\u3002\u94ea\u7684\u5408\u91d1\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c\u706b\u7bad\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u55b7\u5634\u548c\u6ed1\u7fd4\u5f0f\u91cd\u8fd4\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u7684\u98de\u884c\u5668\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u4fdd\u62a4\u5c42\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u963f\u6ce2\u7f57\u767b\u6708\u98de\u8239\u7684\u4e3b\u53d1\u52a8\u673aC103\u7684\u706b\u7bad\u55b7\u5634\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u753189\uff05\u7684\u94cc\uff0c10\uff05\u7684\u94ea\u548c1\uff05\u7684\u949b\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u800c\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7684\u9632\u62a4\u5c42\u6750\u6599\u5219\u662f\u7531\u5177\u5907\u9ad8\u8815\u53d8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u94bd\u94a8\u5408\u91d1\uff08\u542b\u94ea2\uff05\uff09\u5236\u6210\u7684\u3002\u94ea\u94bd\u5408\u91d1\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u5177\u94a2\u53ca\u7535\u963b\u6750\u6599\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u954d\u57fa\u5408\u91d1\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c11\u91cf\u94ea\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u4fdd\u62a4\u6027\u6c27\u5316\u5c42\u7684\u9644\u7740\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u5584\u954d\u57fa\u5408\u91d1\u7684\u8010\u8150\u8680\u6027\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u8010\u70ed\u5408\u91d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u94ea\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u542b\u94a8\u3001\u94bc\u3001\u94bd\u7684\u8010\u70ed\u5408\u91d1\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u94ea\u3002\u78b3\u5316\u94ea\u7531\u4e8e\u786c\u5ea6\u548c\u7194\u70b9\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ef\u4f5c\u786c\u8d28\u5408\u91d1\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u6700\u8010\u706b\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u7194\u70b9\u8d85\u8fc73890\u2103\uff1b\u6c2e\u5316\u94ea\u5219\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u77e5\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c2e\u5316\u7269\u4e2d\u6700\u8010\u706b\u7684\uff0c\u7194\u70b9\u4e3a3310\u2103\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u94ea\u4e5f\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u6db2\u538b\u6cb9\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5728\u9ad8\u5371\u4f5c\u4e1a\u65f6\u6db2\u538b\u6cb9\u7684\u6325\u53d1\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u6297\u6325\u53d1\u6027\u3002<sup>[3-7]<\/sup><sup><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2019\/08\/1a3b1ba808431f1bf18597f414db4ca1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-28324\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2019\/08\/1a3b1ba808431f1bf18597f414db4ca1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"275\" height=\"277\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2019\/08\/1a3b1ba808431f1bf18597f414db4ca1.png 275w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2019\/08\/1a3b1ba808431f1bf18597f414db4ca1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2019\/08\/1a3b1ba808431f1bf18597f414db4ca1-120x120.png 120w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/><\/a><\/sup>\u963f\u6ce2\u7f57\u767b\u6708\u98de\u8239\u7684\u542b\u94ea\u706b\u7bad\u55b7\u7ba1<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>[1] Kaji, Masanori (2002).\u00a0<u><a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081217080509\/http:\/www.scs.uiuc.edu\/~mainzv\/HIST\/awards\/OPA%20Papers\/2005-Kaji.pdf\">&#8220;D. I. Mendeleev&#8217;s concept of chemical elements and\u00a0<em>The Principles of Chemistry<\/em>&#8220;<\/a><\/u>\u00a0.\u00a0<em><u><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bulletin_for_the_History_of_Chemistry\">Bulletin for the History of Chemistry<\/a><\/u><\/em>.\u00a0<strong>27<\/strong>: 4. Archived from\u00a0<u><a href=\"http:\/\/www.scs.uiuc.edu\/~mainzv\/HIST\/awards\/OPA%20Papers\/2005-Kaji.pdf\">the original<\/a><\/u>\u00a0\u00a0on 2008-12-17. Retrieved\u00a02008-08-20.<\/li>\n<li>[2] Heimann, P. M. (1967). &#8220;Moseley and celtium: The search for a missing element&#8221;.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Annals_of_Science\">Annals of Science<\/a><\/em>.\u00a0<strong>23<\/strong>\u00a0(4): 249\u2013260.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080%2F00033796700203306\">10.1080\/00033796700203306<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>[3] Urbain, M. G. (1911).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/bpt6k3105c\/f141.table\">&#8220;Sur un nouvel \u00e9l\u00e9ment qui accompagne le lut\u00e9cium et le scandium dans les terres de la gadolinite: le celtium (On a new element that accompanies lutetium and scandium in gadolinite: celtium)&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<em>Comptes Rendus<\/em>\u00a0(in French): 141. Retrieved\u00a02008-09-10.<\/li>\n<li>[4]Bohr, Niels.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/archive.org\/details\/TheTheoryOfSpectraAndAtomicConstitution\">The Theory of Spectra and Atomic Constitution: Three Essays<\/a><\/em>. p.\u00a0114.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/International_Standard_Book_Number\">ISBN<\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Special:BookSources\/978-1-4365-0368-6\">978-1-4365-0368-6<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>[5]\u00a0Bury, Charles R. (1921). &#8220;Langmuir&#8217;s Theory of the Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules&#8221;.\u00a0J. Am. Chem. Soc.\u00a0<strong>43<\/strong>\u00a0(7): 1602\u20131609.\u00a0<em><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\">doi<\/a><\/em>:<em><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Fja01440a023\">10.1021\/ja01440a023<\/a><\/em>.<\/li>\n<li>[6] Coster, D.; Hevesy, G. (1923). &#8220;On the Missing Element of Atomic Number 72&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Nature<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>111<\/strong>\u00a0(2777): 79.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/1923Natur.111...79C\">1923Natur.111&#8230;79C<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038%2F111079a0\">10.1038\/111079a0<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>[7] Hevesy, G. (1925). &#8220;The Discovery and Properties of Hafnium&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Chemical Reviews<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>2<\/strong>: 1\u201341.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021%2Fcr60005a001\">10.1021\/cr60005a001<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>[8] van Arkel, A. E.; de Boer, J. H. (1925). &#8220;Darstellung von reinem Titanium-, Zirkonium-, Hafnium- und Thoriummetall (Production of pure titanium, zirconium, hafnium and Thorium metal)&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie<\/em>\u00a0(in German).\u00a0<strong>148<\/strong>: 345\u2013350.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002%2Fzaac.19251480133\">10.1002\/zaac.19251480133<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>[9] \u827e\u4e07\u541b\uff0c\u718a\u80dc\u660e\uff0c\u5355\u5c42\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea(HfO<sub>2<\/sub>)\u8584\u819c\u7684\u7279\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c[J]\u5149\u7535\u5de5\u7a0b2012,Vol.39, No.2<\/li>\n<li>[10] Fulton, III, Scott M. (January 27, 2007).\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.betanews.com\/article\/Intel_Reinvents_the_Transistor\/1169872301\">&#8220;Intel Reinvents the Transistor&#8221;<\/a>. BetaNews. Retrieved\u00a02007-01-27.<\/li>\n<li>[11] Robertson, Jordan (January 27, 2007).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.washingtonpost.com\/wp-dyn\/content\/article\/2007\/01\/27\/AR2007012700152.html\">&#8220;Intel, IBM reveal transistor overhaul&#8221;<\/a>. The Associated Press. Retrieved\u00a02008-09-10.<\/li>\n<li>[12] Hedrick, James B.\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/minerals.er.usgs.gov\/minerals\/pubs\/commodity\/zirconium\/731798.pdf\">&#8220;Hafnium&#8221;<\/a>. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved\u00a02008-09-10.<\/li>\n<li>[13]\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20071020064013\/http:\/www.ssk.de\/werke\/volltext\/1995\/ssk9512.pdf\">&#8220;Forschungsreaktor M\u00fcnchen II (FRM-II): Standort und Sicherheitskonzept&#8221;<\/a>. Strahlenschutzkommission. 1996-02-07. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ssk.de\/werke\/volltext\/1995\/ssk9512.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0on October 20, 2007. Retrieved\u00a02008-09-22.<\/li>\n<li>[14] Hebda, John (2001).\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20081217080513\/http:\/www.cbmm.com.br\/portug\/sources\/techlib\/science_techno\/table_content\/sub_3\/images\/pdfs\/016.pdf\">&#8220;Niobium alloys and high Temperature Applications&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0(PDF). CBMM. Archived from\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/www.cbmm.com.br\/portug\/sources\/techlib\/science_techno\/table_content\/sub_3\/images\/pdfs\/016.pdf\">the original<\/a>\u00a0(PDF)\u00a0on 2008-12-17. Retrieved\u00a02008-09-04.<\/li>\n<li>[15] Maslenkov, S. B.; Burova, N. N.; Khangulov, V. V. (1980). &#8220;Effect of hafnium on the structure and properties of nickel alloys&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Metal Science and Heat Treatment<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>22<\/strong>\u00a0(4): 283\u2013285.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/1980MSHT...22..283M\">1980MSHT&#8230;22..283M<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2FBF00779883\">10.1007\/BF00779883<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>[16] Beglov, V. M.; Pisarev, B. K.; Reznikova, G. G. (1992). &#8220;Effect of boron and hafnium on the corrosion resistance of high-temperature nickel alloys&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Metal Science and Heat Treatment<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>34<\/strong>\u00a0(4): 251\u2013254.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/1992MSHT...34..251B\">1992MSHT&#8230;34..251B<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2FBF00702544\">10.1007\/BF00702544<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>[17] Voitovich, R. F.; Golovko, \u00c9. I. (1975). &#8220;Oxidation of hafnium alloys with nickel&#8221;.\u00a0<em>Metal Science and Heat Treatment<\/em>.\u00a0<strong>17<\/strong>\u00a0(3): 207\u2013209.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bibcode\">Bibcode<\/a>:<a href=\"http:\/\/adsabs.harvard.edu\/abs\/1975MSHT...17..207V\">1975MSHT&#8230;17..207V<\/a>.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Digital_object_identifier\">doi<\/a>:<a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007%2FBF00663680\">10.1007\/BF00663680<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u672c\u6587\u7248\u6743\u5c5e\u4e8e\u00a0<a href=\"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/\">Chem-Station\u5316\u5b66\u7a7a\u95f4<\/a>\uff0c \u6b22\u8fce\u70b9\u51fb\u6309\u94ae\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u672a\u7ecf\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u8c22\u7edd\u8f6c\u8f7d\uff01<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u4f5c\u8005 \u6f02\u6cca \u94ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u4e0e\u9506\u6027\u8d28\u6781\u4e3a\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5438\u6536\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u6545\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u7684\u63a7\u5236\u68d2\uff1b\u5728\u5de5\u4e1a\u4e0a\uff0c\u94ea\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u8010\u70ed\u5408\u91d1\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea\u8fd8\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u8584\u819c\u6750\u6599\u4ee5\u53ca\u6805\u6781\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u9ad8\u529f\u7387\u6fc0\u5149\u7cfb\u7edf\u53ca\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u5236\u9020\u3002 \u94ea\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28 \u5206\u7c7b \u7b2c\u2163B\u65cf&#x25aa;\u91d1\u5c5e \u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u53f7\u30fb\u539f\u5b50\u91cf 72 (178.49) \u7535\u5b50\u914d\u7f6e 5d26s2 \u5bc6\u5ea6 13.31 g\/cm\u00a03\u00a0 \u7194\u70b9 2227\u00b0C \u6cb8\u70b9 4602\u00b0C \u8272\u30fb\u5f62\u72b6 \u94f6\u7070\u8272\u91d1\u5c5e \u4e30\u5ea6 5.3ppm\uff08\u5730\u58f3\uff09 \u53d1\u73b0\u8005 George Charles de Hevesy, Coster \u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20 174Hf, 176Hf, 177Hf, 178Hf, 179Hf, 180Hf \u7528\u9014\u4f8b \u8010\u70ed\u5408\u91d1\uff0c\u6805\u6781\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b50\u5438\u6536\u5242 \u524d\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20 \u9565-\u94ea-\u94bd \u94ea\u7684\u53d1\u73b0 \u65e9\u57281869\u5e74\uff0c\u95e8\u6377\u5217\u592b\u53d1\u73b0\u201c\u5316\u5b66\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u5f8b\u201d\u65f6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u9884\u6d4b\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u79cd\u949b\u548c\u9506\u7684\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7269\u3002\u82f1\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u83ab\u65af\u83b1\u5728\u5bf9\u4e0d\u540c\u5143\u7d20\u7684X\u5c04\u7ebf\u5149\u8c31\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\u540e\uff0c\u63a8\u6d4b\u94a1\u548c\u94bd\u4e4b\u95f4\u5e94\u8be5\u670916\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5f53\u65f6\u9664\u4e8661\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\u548c72\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4f5914\u4e2a\u5143\u7d20\u90fd\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5b83\u4eec\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u5c5e\u7684\u9567\u7cfb\u5143\u7d20\u3002 1914\u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u58f0\u79f0\u53d1\u73b0\u4e8672\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5176\u4e2dGeorges Urbain\u58f0\u79f0\u4ed6\u4e8e1907\u5e74\u5728\u7a00\u571f\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e8672\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0e1911\u5e74\u53d1\u8868\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7ed3\u8bba\u5728\u7ecf\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u7684\u4e89\u8bba\u540e\u88ab\u63a8\u7ffb\u3002 1913\u5e74\uff0c\u4e39\u9ea6\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u73bb\u5c14\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u539f\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8bba\u3002\u63a5\u7740\u57281921-1922\u5e74\u4e4b\u95f4\u53c8\u63d0\u51fa\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5916\u7535\u5b50\u6392\u5e03\u7406\u8bba\u3002\u73bb\u5c14\u8ba4\u4e3a\u6839\u636e\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c72\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\u5e76\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7a00\u571f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u548c\u9506\u662f\u540c\u65cf\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c72\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4ece\u7a00\u571f\u5143\u7d20\u77ff\u7269\u4e2d\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u800c\u5e94\u5f53\u4ece\u542b\u9506\u548c\u949b\u7684\u77ff\u77f3\u4e2d\u53bb\u5bfb\u627e\u30021923\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u57fa\u4e8e\u73bb\u5c14\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u3001\u83ab\u65af\u83b1\u7684X\u5c04\u7ebf\u5149\u8c31\u4ee5\u53ca\u5f17\u91cc\u5fb7\u91cc\u5e0c\u2022\u5e15\u5185\u7279\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u53c2\u6570\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u548c\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a72\u53f7\u5143\u7d20\u4e0e\u9506\u6027\u8d28\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u7a00\u571f\u5143\u7d20\u3002 \u6839\u636e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u63a8\u8bba\uff0c1923\u5e74\u5308\u7259\u5229\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6George Charles de Hevesy\u548c\u4e39\u9ea6\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Coster\u5bf9\u6e90\u81ea\u632a\u5a01\u548c\u683c\u9675\u5170\u7684\u542b\u9506\u77ff\u77f3\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86X\u5c04\u7ebf\u5149\u8c31\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u679c\u771f\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e3a\u4e86\u7eaa\u5ff5\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u6240\u5728\u5730\u2014\u2014\u4e39\u9ea6\u7684\u9996\u90fd\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\uff0c\u547d\u540d\u5b83\u4e3ahafnium(\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u7684\u62c9\u4e01\u540dHafnia)\uff0c\u5143\u7d20\u7b26\u53f7\u5b9a\u4e3aHf\u30021925\u5e74\uff0cHevesy\u548cCoster\u7528\u542b\u6c1f\u7edc\u76d0\u5206\u7ea7\u7ed3\u6676\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5206\u79bb\u6389\u9506\u3001\u949b\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7eaf\u7684\u94ea\u76d0\uff1b\u5e76\u7528\u91d1\u5c5e\u94a0\u8fd8\u539f\u94ea\u76d0\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7eaf\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u94ea\uff0c\u5236\u5f97\u4e86\u51e0\u6beb\u514b\u7eaf\u94ea\u7684\u6837\u54c1\u3002 1925\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u4ebaA.E.Van Arkel\u548cJ.H.deBoer\u9996\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u7898\u5316\u7269\u70ed\u5206\u79bb\u6cd5\u5236\u5f97\u91d1\u5c5e\u94ea\u3002\u7898\u5316\u7269\u70ed\u79bb\u89e3\u6cd5\u4ea7\u51fa\u7684\u94ea\u7eaf\u5ea6\u9ad8\uff0c\u80fd\u6ee1\u8db3\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u5de5\u4e1a\u7eaf\u5ea6\u8981\u6c42\uff0c\u4f46\u751f\u4ea7\u80fd\u529b\u5c0f\uff0c\u80fd\u8017\u53ca\u6210\u672c\u9ad8\uff0c\u5df2\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u65b9\u6cd5\u66ff\u4ee3\u30021940\u5e74\uff0c\u5362\u68ee\u5821\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6De William J. Kroll\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u7528\u91d1\u5c5e\u9541\u8fd8\u539f\u56db\u6c2f\u5316\u949b\u5236\u53d6\u6d77\u7ef5\u949b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u56db\u6c2f\u5316\u94ea\u4e0e\u56db\u6c2f\u5316\u949b\u6027\u8d28\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u9541\u8fd8\u539f\u6cd5\u4e5f\u88ab\u7528\u4e8e\u94ea\u7684\u751f\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u91d1\u5c5e\u94ea\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u751f\u4ea7\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002[1-8] \u91d1\u5c5e\u94ea \u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea \u5149\u5b66\u8584\u819c\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u5149\u5b66\u5143\u4ef6\u53ca\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5b83\u80fd\u591f\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u54cd\u5149\u5b66\u5143\u4ef6\u53ca\u5149\u5b66\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6574\u4f53\u6027\u80fd\u3002\u5728\u4f17\u591a\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u8584\u819c\u6750\u6599\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u9ad8\u6298\u5c04\u7387\uff0c\u5e38\u7528\u4e8e\u6fc0\u5149\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u7684\u8584\u819c\u6750\u6599\u3002\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u70ed\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\u53ca\u5316\u5b66\u7a33\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u8fd8\u5177\u6709\u8f83\u597d\u7684\u5149\u5b66\u6027\u80fd\u53ca\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u80fd\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5177\u5907\u5f88\u9ad8\u7684\u6297\u6fc0\u5149\u635f\u4f24\u9608\u503c\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea\u51ed\u501f\u5176\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u529f\u7387\u6fc0\u5149\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u8005\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002[9] \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea\u8fd8\u5177\u5907\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u53ca\u8f83\u5bbd\u7684\u5e26\u9699\uff0c\u662f\u5e94\u7528\u4e8eCMOS\u5668\u4ef6\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u6805\u4ecb\u8d28\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u6709\u671b\u7528\u4e8e\u53d6\u4ee3\u73b0\u5728\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u3002\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u867d\u7136\u5bb9\u6613\u52a0\u5de5\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f53\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u6805\u6781\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u539a\u5ea6\u964d\u4f4e\u81f31.2\u7eb3\u7c73\uff08\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e5\u5c42\u539f\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u5e94\u7528\u8be5\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u5c3a\u5bf8\u7f29\u81f3\u539f\u5b50\u5927\u5c0f\u65f6\uff0c\u8017\u7535\u548c\u6563\u70ed\u96be\u5ea6\u4f1a\u540c\u65f6\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u70ed\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u7535\u80fd\u635f\u8017\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u82e5\u7ee7\u7eed\u91c7\u7528\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u51cf\u5c11\u539a\u5ea6\uff0c\u6805\u6781\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u7684\u6f0f\u7535\u60c5\u51b5\u52bf\u5c06\u4f1a\u660e\u663e\u6500\u5347\uff0c\u4ee4\u7f29\u5c0f\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u6280\u672f\u906d\u9047\u6781\u9650\u3002\u4e3a\u89e3\u51b3\u6b64\u5173\u952e\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u6b63\u89c4\u5212\u6539\u7528\u4ecb\u7535\u5e38\u6570\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6805\u6781\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u7845\uff0c\u6b64\u4e3e\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u6f0f\u7535\u91cf\u964d\u4f4e10\u500d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u4e0e\u82f1\u7279\u5c14\u4e0a\u4e00\u4ee365\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u76f8\u6bd4\u8f83\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u94ea\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6805\u6781\u7535\u4ecb\u8d28\u768445\u7eb3\u7c73\u6280\u672f\u4ee4\u6676\u4f53\u7ba1\u5bc6\u5ea6\u63d0\u5347\u8fd12\u500d\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u7535\u529b\u66f4\u4f4e\uff0c\u8017\u7535\u91cf\u51cf\u5c11\u8fd130%\uff0c\u5f00\u5173\u52a8\u4f5c\u901f\u5ea6\u7ea6\u52a0\u5feb20%\uff0c\u6027\u80fd\u5927\u5927\u63d0\u5347\u3002[10-11] \u5177\u6709\u8584\u819c\u5149\u5b66\u6548\u5e94\u7684\u94ea\u6c27\u5316\u952d \u4e2d\u5b50\u5438\u6536\u5242 \u94ea\u6709\u51e0\u79cd\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u7684\u6838\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5404\u81ea\u5438\u6536\u591a\u4e2a\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u70ed\u4e2d\u5b50\u6355\u83b7\u622a\u9762\u5927\uff0c\u662f\u8f83\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u4e2d\u5b50\u5438\u6536\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u4f7f\u5f97\u94ea\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u63a7\u5236\u68d2\u7684\u826f\u597d\u6750\u6599\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u4e2d\u5b50\u4fd8\u83b7\u622a\u9762\u7ea6\u4e3a\u9506\u7684600\u500d\u3002\uff08\u7528\u4e8e\u63a7\u5236\u68d2\u7684\u826f\u597d\u4e2d\u5b50\u5438\u6536\u5242\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u5143\u7d20\u662f\u9549\u548c\u787c\u3002\uff09\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u673a\u68b0\u6027\u80fd\u548c\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u8010\u8150\u8680\u6027\u80fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u94ea\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u538b\u6c34\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u7684\u6076\u52a3\u73af\u5883\u3002\u5fb7\u56fd\u7814\u7a76\u578b\u53cd\u5e94\u5806FRM II\u5c31\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u94ea\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5b50\u5438\u6536\u5242\u3002[12-13] \u94ea\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u63a7\u5236\u68d2 \u94ea\u7684\u5de5\u4e1a\u7528\u9014 \u94ea\u7531\u4e8e\u5bb9\u6613\u53d1\u5c04\u7535\u5b50\u6545\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5cX\u5c04\u7ebf\u7ba1\u7684\u9634\u6781\uff0c\u94ea\u548c\u94a8\u6216\u94bc\u7684\u5408\u91d1\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f5c\u9ad8\u538b\u653e\u7535\u7ba1\u7684\u7535\u6781\u3002\u94ea\u7684\u5408\u91d1\u53ef\u7528\u4f5c\u706b\u7bad\u53d1\u52a8\u673a\u55b7\u5634\u548c\u6ed1\u7fd4\u5f0f\u91cd\u8fd4\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u7684\u98de\u884c\u5668\u7684\u524d\u6cbf\u4fdd\u62a4\u5c42\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u963f\u6ce2\u7f57\u767b\u6708\u98de\u8239\u7684\u4e3b\u53d1\u52a8\u673aC103\u7684\u706b\u7bad\u55b7\u5634\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u753189\uff05\u7684\u94cc\uff0c10\uff05\u7684\u94ea\u548c1\uff05\u7684\u949b\u7ec4\u6210\u3002\u800c\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u7684\u9632\u62a4\u5c42\u6750\u6599\u5219\u662f\u7531\u5177\u5907\u9ad8\u8815\u53d8\u5f3a\u5ea6\u7684\u94bd\u94a8\u5408\u91d1\uff08\u542b\u94ea2\uff05\uff09\u5236\u6210\u7684\u3002\u94ea\u94bd\u5408\u91d1\u53ef\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u5de5\u5177\u94a2\u53ca\u7535\u963b\u6750\u6599\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u954d\u57fa\u5408\u91d1\u4e2d\u6dfb\u52a0\u5c11\u91cf\u94ea\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u5176\u4fdd\u62a4\u6027\u6c27\u5316\u5c42\u7684\u9644\u7740\u529b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u6539\u5584\u954d\u57fa\u5408\u91d1\u7684\u8010\u8150\u8680\u6027\u80fd\u3002 \u5728\u8010\u70ed\u5408\u91d1\u4e2d\uff0c\u94ea\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u7684\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u542b\u94a8\u3001\u94bc\u3001\u94bd\u7684\u8010\u70ed\u5408\u91d1\u4e2d\u90fd\u4f1a\u6dfb\u52a0\u94ea\u3002\u78b3\u5316\u94ea\u7531\u4e8e\u786c\u5ea6\u548c\u7194\u70b9\u9ad8\uff0c\u53ef\u4f5c\u786c\u8d28\u5408\u91d1\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u6700\u8010\u706b\u7684\u4e8c\u5143\u5316\u5408\u7269\uff0c\u7194\u70b9\u8d85\u8fc73890\u2103\uff1b\u6c2e\u5316\u94ea\u5219\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5df2\u77e5\u91d1\u5c5e\u6c2e\u5316\u7269\u4e2d\u6700\u8010\u706b\u7684\uff0c\u7194\u70b9\u4e3a3310\u2103\u3002 \u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u94ea\u4e5f\u5e38\u7528\u4f5c\u6db2\u538b\u6cb9\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6dfb\u52a0\u5242\uff0c\u9632\u6b62\u5728\u9ad8\u5371\u4f5c\u4e1a\u65f6\u6db2\u538b\u6cb9\u7684\u6325\u53d1\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u6297\u6325\u53d1\u6027\u3002[3-7]\u963f\u6ce2\u7f57\u767b\u6708\u98de\u8239\u7684\u542b\u94ea\u706b\u7bad\u55b7\u7ba1 &nbsp; \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e [1] Kaji, Masanori (2002).\u00a0&#8220;D. I. Mendeleev&#8217;s concept of chemical elements and\u00a0The Principles of Chemistry&#8220;\u00a0.\u00a0Bulletin for the History of Chemistry.\u00a027: 4. Archived from\u00a0the original\u00a0\u00a0on 2008-12-17. Retrieved\u00a02008-08-20. [2] Heimann, P. M. (1967). &#8220;Moseley and celtium: The search for a missing element&#8221;.\u00a0Annals of Science.\u00a023\u00a0(4): 249\u2013260.\u00a0doi:10.1080\/00033796700203306. [&hellip;]","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":28320,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[1547],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2019\/08\/332165d65960c955fc53e1179605bd63.png","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p96op1-7mL","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28319"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/8"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=28319"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28319\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28327,"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/28319\/revisions\/28327"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/28320"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=28319"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=28319"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=28319"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}