{"id":29830,"date":"2020-01-03T11:48:59","date_gmt":"2020-01-03T03:48:59","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/?p=29830"},"modified":"2020-01-03T11:48:59","modified_gmt":"2020-01-03T03:48:59","slug":"90-%e9%92%8d-%e6%b1%bd%e7%81%af%e7%9a%84%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/elements\/2020\/01\/90-%e9%92%8d-%e6%b1%bd%e7%81%af%e7%9a%84%e5%85%83%e7%b4%a0.html","title":{"rendered":"90 \u948d \u6c7d\u706f\u7684\u5143\u7d20"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u672c\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a\u6f02\u6cca<\/p>\n

\u948d\u662f\u9515\u7cfb\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u4e00\u5458\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u88ab\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u72ec\u5c45\u77f3\u4e2d\u3002\u948d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7528\u9014\u662f\u7528\u4e8e\u6838\u53cd\u5e94\u5806\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6838\u71c3\u6599\u3002\u6c27\u5316\u948d\u662f\u948d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4e8e\u5236\u9020\u948d\u6c7d\u706f\u3001\u50ac\u5316\u5242\u3001\u6444\u50cf\u673a\u7279\u6b8a\u955c\u5934\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u948d\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7269\u7406\u6027\u8d28<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u5206\u7c7b<\/strong><\/td>\n\u7b2c\u2162B\u65cf▪\u9515\u7cfb\u91d1\u5c5e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u539f\u5b50\u5e8f\u53f7<\/strong>\u30fb<\/strong>\u539f\u5b50\u91cf<\/strong><\/td>\n90 (232.0381)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7535\u5b50\u914d\u7f6e<\/strong><\/td>\n6d2<\/sup>7s2<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u5bc6\u5ea6<\/strong><\/td>\n11.72 g\/cm3<\/sup><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7194\u70b9<\/strong><\/td>\n1750 o<\/sup>C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u6cb8\u70b9<\/strong><\/td>\n4790\u00a0o<\/sup>C<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u8272<\/strong>\u30fb<\/strong>\u5f62\u72b6<\/strong><\/td>\n\u94a2\u7070\u8272\u91d1\u5c5e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u534a\u8870\u671f<\/strong><\/td>\n1.4\u00d71010<\/sup>\u5e74<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u53d1\u73b0\u8005<\/strong><\/td>\nJ\u00f6ns Jacob Berzelius<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20<\/strong><\/td>\n231<\/sup>Th, 232<\/sup>Th<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u7528\u9014\u4f8b<\/strong><\/td>\n\u6838\u71c3\u6599\u3001\u6c7d\u706f\u3001\u50ac\u5316\u5242<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\u524d\u540e\u7684\u5143\u7d20<\/strong><\/td>\n\u9515-\u948d-\u9564<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

\u948d\u7684\u53d1\u73b0<\/h4>\n

1815\u5e74\uff0c\u745e\u5178\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6J\u00f6ns Jacob Berzelius\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u6765\u81ea\u745e\u5178\u4e2d\u90e8\u7684\u4e0d\u5bfb\u5e38\u9487\u571f\u6837\u672c\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u767d\u8272\u7684\u77ff\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u8ba4\u4e3a\u8fd9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u5305\u542b\u672a\u77e5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7a00\u571f\u3002\u4ed6\u57281817\u5e74\u5c06\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u547d\u540d\u4e3aThorium\uff0c\u6765\u81ea\u4e8e\u5317\u6b27\u795e\u8bdd\u4e2d\u7684\u96f7\u795e\u3002\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6837\u54c1\u540e\uff0c\u4ed6\u64a4\u56de\u4e86\u5b83\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u78f7\u9178\u9487\u3002<\/p>\n

1828\u5e74\uff0c\u632a\u5a01\u77ff\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6Morten Thrane Esmark\u5728L\u00f8v\u00f8ya\u5c9b\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u9ed1\u8272\u77ff\u7269\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c06\u8be5\u77ff\u7269\u6837\u54c1\u5bc4\u7ed9\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u4eb2Jens Esmark\uff0cRoyal Frederick University\u7684\u8457\u540d\u77ff\u7269\u548c\u5730\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u662f\u4e00\u79cd\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u77ff\u7269\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u4ed6\u5c06\u8be5\u6837\u54c1\u5bc4\u7ed9\u4e86J\u00f6ns Jacob Berzelius\u4f5c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u3002\u4ed6\u53d1\u73b0\u5176\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u65b0\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5229\u7528\u91d1\u5c5e\u94be\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u4ed6\u83b7\u5f97\u4e86\u5176\u4e0d\u7eaf\u7684\u5355\u8d28\uff08\u8be5\u77ff\u7269\u4e2d\u542b\u6709KThF5<\/sub>\uff09\u3002\u4e8e\u662fJ\u00f6ns Jacob Berzelius\u7528\u4e4b\u524d\u4f7f\u7528\u8fc7\u7684\u540d\u5b57Thorium\u5bf9\u8be5\u65b0\u5143\u7d20\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u547d\u540d\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5bf9\u8be5\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u5355\u8d28\u53ca\u5316\u5408\u7269\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u521d\u6b65\u8868\u5f81\uff0c\u53d1\u73b0\u6c27\u5316\u948d\u4e2d\u948d\u4e0e\u6c27\u7684\u8d28\u91cf\u6bd4\u7ea6\u4e3a7.5\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e0e\u5b9e\u9645\u503c\u7ea67.3\u76f8\u5dee\u5f88\u5c0f\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u5047\u5b9a\u948d\u662f\u4e8c\u4ef7\u7684\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u56db\u4ef7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u948d\u7684\u76f8\u5bf9\u539f\u5b50\u8d28\u91cf\u662f\u5b9e\u9645\u503c\u7684\u4e00\u534a\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u53d1\u73b0\u948d\u662f\u7535\u6b63\u6027\u5f88\u5f3a\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u3002<\/p>\n

1914\u5e74\uff0c\u8377\u5170\u5546\u4ebaDirk Lely Jr. and Lodewijk Hamburger\u9996\u6b21\u5236\u5f97\u4e86\u7eaf\u51c0\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\u948d\u3002[<\/sup>1-10]<\/sup><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u91d1\u5c5e\u948d<\/p>\n

\u948d\u5728\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u53d8\u5316<\/h4>\n

1869\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u95e8\u6377\u5217\u592b\u521a\u521a\u51fa\u7248\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u65f6\uff0c\u948d\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u4e3b\u4f53\u8868\u683c\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u78b1\u571f\u91d1\u5c5e\u90a3\u4e00\u5217\u7684\u672b\u5c3e\u3002\u5728\u90a3\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u948d\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4e8c\u4ef7\u7684\u7a00\u571f\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5f53\u4eba\u4eec\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u7a00\u571f\u5143\u7d20\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4e09\u4ef7\uff0c\u800c\u948d\u662f\u56db\u4ef7\u65f6\uff0c\u95e8\u6377\u5217\u592b\u5c06\u948d\u79fb\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u56db\u65cf\uff08\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u78b3\u65cf\u5143\u7d20\u548c\u949b\u65cf\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5373\u7b2c\u56db\u4e3b\u65cf\u548c\u7b2c\u56db\u526f\u65cf\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6001\u90fd\u662f+4\u3002\u94ef\u88ab\u79fb\u52a8\u5230\u5355\u72ec\u7684\u9567\u7cfb\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u948d\u7531\u4e8e\u4e0e\u949b\u3001\u9506\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u79fb\u52a8\u3002<\/p>\n

19\u4e16\u7eaa\u665a\u671f\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u624d\u4e00\u81f4\u8ba4\u4e3a\u948d\u548c\u94c0\u4e0e\u94ea\u548c\u94a8\u6027\u8d28\u76f8\u4f3c\u30021892\u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6Henry Bassett\u5efa\u8bae\u5b89\u6392\u7b2c\u4e8c\u884c\u957f\u8868\u53bb\u5b89\u6392\u672a\u53d1\u73b0\u53ca\u672a\u5b89\u6392\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u948d\u53ca\u94c0\u7b49\u4e0e\u9567\u7cfb\u5143\u7d20\u6027\u8d28\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u30021913\u5e74\uff0c\u4e39\u9ea6\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u6ce2\u5c14\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u79cd\u539f\u5b50\u53ca\u5176\u7535\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u3002\u8be5\u7406\u8bba\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5728\u8fc7\u6e21\u91d1\u5c5e\u5143\u7d20\u4e2d\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e03\u884c\uff08\u9515\u7cfb\uff09\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u5e94\u8be5\u5728\u7535\u5b50\u586b\u6ee1d\u8f68\u9053\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u586bf\u8f68\u9053\u3002\u76f4\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u8d85\u94c0\u5143\u7d20\u949a\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5b83\u540c\u9567\u7cfb\u5143\u7d20\u4e00\u6837\u5177\u6709+3\u53ca+4\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u6001\uff0c\u8bc1\u5b9e\u4e86\u9515\u7cfb\u5143\u7d20\u7535\u5b50\u786e\u5b9e\u586b\u5145\u4e86f\u8f68\u9053\u800c\u4e0d\u662fd\u8f68\u9053\u30021945\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6Glenn T. Seaborg \u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u9545\u548c\u9514\uff0c\u4ed6\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u948d\u5e94\u8be5\u662f\u6709f\u7535\u5b50\uff0c\u5e94\u8be5\u6392\u5728\u9515\u7cfb\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u4f5c\u4e3a\u94ea\u7684\u540c\u7cfb\u7269\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u948d\u5728\u5143\u7d20\u5468\u671f\u8868\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6700\u7ec8\u88ab\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e0b\u6765\u3002[11-15]<\/sup><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>
\n\u9515\u7cfb\u5143\u7d20<\/p>\n

\u948d\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/h4>\n

1885\u5e74\uff0c\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6Carl Auer von Welsbach\u53d1\u660e\u4e86\u948d\u6c7d\u706f\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u539f\u7406\u662f\u6c27\u5316\u948d\u5728\u5229\u7528\u6c7d\u6cb9\u52a0\u70ed\u65f6\u4f1a\u53d1\u51fa\u8000\u773c\u7684\u767d\u5149\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\uff0c\u948d\u4e5f\u88ab\u62d3\u5c55\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u78b3\u5f27\u706f\u3001\u50ac\u5316\u5242\uff08\u6c28\u6c27\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff09\u7b49\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

1898\u5e74\uff0c\u948d\u9996\u6b21\u88ab\u5177\u6709\u653e\u5c04\u6027\uff0c\u5fb7\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6Gerhard Carl Schmidt\u548c\u5c45\u91cc\u592b\u4eba\u5148\u540e\u72ec\u7acb\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u3002\u948d\u662f\u7b2c\u4e8c\u79cd\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u5177\u6709\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u5362\u745f\u798f\u5219\u53d1\u73b0\u948d\u5728\u8fdb\u884c\u8870\u53d8\u65f6\u4f1a\u653e\u51fa\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6c14\u4f53\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6c21\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7a00\u6709\u6c14\u4f53\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u6709\u4eba\u5229\u7528\u948d\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u8870\u53d8\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u6c21\u8fdb\u884c\u653e\u5c04\u6cbb\u7597\uff0c\u7ed3\u679c\u5374\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e86\u767d\u8840\u75c5\u3002\u7531\u4e8e\u948d\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u5b83\u9010\u6e10\u88ab\u66f4\u4e3a\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u66ff\u4ee3\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

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