{"id":39971,"date":"2021-09-13T08:00:55","date_gmt":"2021-09-13T00:00:55","guid":{"rendered":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/?p=39971"},"modified":"2021-09-04T14:24:48","modified_gmt":"2021-09-04T06:24:48","slug":"%e5%bd%b1%e5%93%8d%e5%bf%83%e8%a1%80%e7%ae%a1%e5%81%a5%e5%ba%b7%e7%9a%84%e7%94%be%e4%bd%93%e5%8c%96%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9-%e8%83%86%e5%9b%ba%e9%86%87-cholesterol","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/%e5%8c%96%e5%ad%a6%e6%9d%82%e8%ae%b0\/chemlife\/2021\/09\/%e5%bd%b1%e5%93%8d%e5%bf%83%e8%a1%80%e7%ae%a1%e5%81%a5%e5%ba%b7%e7%9a%84%e7%94%be%e4%bd%93%e5%8c%96%e5%90%88%e7%89%a9-%e8%83%86%e5%9b%ba%e9%86%87-cholesterol.html","title":{"rendered":"\u5f71\u54cd\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u753e\u4f53\u5316\u5408\u7269\u2014\u2014\u80c6\u56fa\u9187 (cholesterol)"},"content":{"rendered":"<h4><strong><b>\u5f15\u8a00<\/b><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u6307\u5fc3\u810f\u4e0e\u8840\u7ba1\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u75c5\u75c7\u5305\u62ec\u51a0\u5fc3\u75c5\u3001\u98ce\u6e7f\u6027\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\u3001\u8111\u8840\u7ba1\u75c5\u7b49\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5371\u5bb3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5065\u5eb7\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e<sup>[<\/sup><sup>1]<\/sup>\uff0c\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u5168\u7403\u7684\u5934\u53f7\u6b7b\u56e0\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u6b7b\u4e8e\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u591a\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u6b7b\u56e0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u51a0\u5fc3\u75c5\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5168\u79f0\u4e3a\u51a0\u72b6\u52a8\u8109\u7ca5\u6837\u786c\u5316\u6027\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\uff0c\u662f\u51a0\u72b6\u52a8\u8109\u8840\u7ba1\u53d1\u751f\u52a8\u8109\u7ca5\u6837\u786c\u5316\u75c5\u53d8\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u8840\u7ba1\u8154\u72ed\u7a84\u6216\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5fc3\u808c\u7f3a\u8840\u3001\u7f3a\u6c27\u6216\u574f\u6b7b\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5<sup>[<\/sup><sup>2]<\/sup>\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u5438\u70df\u3001\u9157\u9152\u3001\u80a5\u80d6\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u996e\u98df\u7b49\u5b58\u5728\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u542b\u91cf\u8fc7\u9ad8\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u7f79\u60a3\u75be\u75c5\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2-8.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-39964 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2-8-680x445.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"445\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2-8-680x445.png 680w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2-8-300x196.png 300w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2-8-768x503.png 768w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2-8-260x170.png 260w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/2-8.png 1224w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe1 \u52a8\u8109\u7ca5\u6837\u786c\u5316\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff09<\/p>\n<h4><strong><b>\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u4e0e\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5<\/b><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6784\u6210\u751f\u547d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\uff0c\u5b83\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u52a8\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u4f53\u5408\u6210\u7c7b\u56fa\u9187\u6fc0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u919b\u56fa\u916e (aldosterone)\u3001\u76ae\u8d28\u9187 (cortisol)\u3001\u6027\u6fc0\u7d20 (sexhormone)\u4e0e\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20D\u4ee5\u53ca\u80c6\u9178 (cholic acid,\u00a0\u80c6\u6c41\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u5206)\u7684\u524d\u4f53\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u65e9\u57281784\u5e74\uff0c\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u5c31\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u4ece\u80c6\u7ed3\u77f3\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u82f1\u6587\u540dcholesterol \u6e90\u81ea\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u7684<em><i>chole<\/i><\/em>\u00a0(\u80c6\u6c41)\u52a0\u4e0a <em><i>stereos<\/i><\/em><em><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/em>(\u56fa\u4f53)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u7f9f\u57fa\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4ee5 -ol \u540e\u7f00\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u6545\u79f0\u4e3a\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u3002\u81ea1910\u5e74\u5fb7\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6A. Windaus\u53d1\u73b0\u51a0\u5fc3\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u52a8\u8109\u58c1\u7ca5\u6837\u6591\u5757\u5185\u542b\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u5347\u9ad8\u4e0e\u75be\u75c5\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5728\u5173\u8054\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8bf8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u542f\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u4e0e\u51a0\u5fc3\u75c5\u4e4b\u95f4\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5faa\u8bc1\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u9ad8\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u542b\u91cf\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u7f79\u60a3\u52a8\u8109\u7ca5\u6837\u786c\u5316\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u30021928\u5e74\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u5728\u753e\u4f53\u56fa\u9187\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0cWindaus\u83b7\u5f97Nobel\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u56f4\u7ed5\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u89e3\u6790\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u5b50\u8c03\u8282\u673a\u5236\u7b49\u70ed\u70b9\u9886\u57df\u53c8\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u539f\u521b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6210\u679c\u66f4\u662f\u591a\u6b21\u65a9\u83b7Nobel\u5956\u6842\u51a0<sup>[<\/sup><sup>3]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/3-8.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-39965 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/3-8-680x286.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"680\" height=\"286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/3-8-680x286.png 680w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/3-8-300x126.png 300w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/3-8-768x323.png 768w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/3-8-1536x646.png 1536w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/3-8.png 1995w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 680px) 100vw, 680px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe2. A. Windaus\u4e0e\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784<\/p>\n<h4><strong><b>\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u89e3\u6790<\/b><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u524d\u6587\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5176\u5316\u5b66\u5f0fC<sub>27<\/sub>H<sub>46<\/sub>O\u5374\u76f4\u52301888\u5e74\u624d\u7531\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6F. Reinitzer\u6b63\u5f0f\u786e\u5b9a\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f9f\u57fa\u4e0e\u53cc\u952e\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ddd\u79bb\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u5dee\u751a\u8fdc\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u5219\u6765\u81ea\u5fb7\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6H.\u00a0Wieland\u5bf9\u4e8e\u80c6\u6c41\u9178 (bile acid)\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u30021912\u5e74\uff0cWieland\u6210\u529f\u4ece\u80c6\u6c41\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u5230\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u80c6\u6c41\u9178\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u4e0e\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u540e\u6765Wieland\u51ed\u501f\u5bf9\u80c6\u6c41\u9178\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u83b7\u5f971927\u5e74Nobel\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u5728Wieland\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c1919\u5e74Windaus\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u8fdb\u884c\u5316\u5b66\u964d\u89e3\u3001\u8131\u6c34\u3001\u6c22\u5316\u7b49\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u80c6\u70f7\u9178 (cholanic\u00a0acid\u00a0)\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u6b63\u5f0f\u786e\u5b9a\u80c6\u6c41\u9178\u4e0e\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u78b3\u9aa8\u67b6<sup>[<\/sup><sup>4]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4-8.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-39966 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4-8.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"483\" height=\"192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4-8.png 483w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/4-8-300x119.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 483px) 100vw, 483px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe3 \u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u4e0e\u80c6\u70f7\u9178\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027<\/p>\n<p>\u867d\u7136Wieland\u4e0eWindaus\u7b49\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u61c8\u52aa\u529b\u521d\u6b65\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u80c6\u6c41\u9178\u53ca\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u968f\u7740X-\u5c04\u7ebf\u6676\u4f53\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c1932\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6D. Hodgkin\u4e0e\u5176\u5bfc\u5e08J. D. Bernal\uff0c(\u8457\u540d\u6676\u4f53\u5b66\u5bb6)\u5171\u540c\u5bf9\u753e\u4f53\u5316\u5408\u7269\u539f\u6709\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6b63\uff1bWieland\u5219\u636e\u6b64\u4fee\u6b63\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u80c6\u6c41\u9178\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u80c6\u6c41\u9178\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u3002\u81ea1934\u5e74\u8d77\uff0cD. Hodgkin\u7b49\u4eba\u91c7\u7528X-\u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u767e\u79cd\u753e\u4f53\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1937\u5e74\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8be5\u5c0f\u7ec4\u76f8\u7ee7\u5b8c\u6210\u6d89\u53ca\u9752\u9709\u7d20 (1945\u5e74)\u3001\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20B<sub>12 <\/sub>(1954\u5e74)\u4ee5\u53ca\u80f0\u5c9b\u7d20 (1969\u5e74)\u7b49\u5728\u5185\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u590d\u6742\u751f\u5316\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u7ed3\u6784\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u5728\u201c\u5229\u7528X-\u5c04\u7ebf\u6280\u672f\u89e3\u6790\u91cd\u8981\u751f\u5316\u7269\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff0cD. Hodgkin\u88ab\u6388\u4e881964\u5e74\u5ea6Nobel\u5316\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7ee7M.\u00a0Curie\u6bcd\u5973\u4e4b\u540e\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u83b7\u5f97Nobel\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u6842\u51a0\u7684\u5973\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/5-4.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-39967 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/5-4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"560\" height=\"364\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/5-4.png 560w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/5-4-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/5-4-260x170.png 260w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe4 H. Wieland\u4e0eD. Hodgkin<\/p>\n<h4><strong><b>\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210<\/b><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u662f\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u5206\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u524d\u4f53\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5176\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u4e0e\u4ee3\u8c22\u8f6c\u53d8\u4ee5\u53ca\u8f6c\u8fd0\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u5fb7\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6K. E. Bloch\u957f\u671f\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0cK. E. Bloch\u6210\u529f\u9610\u660e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4ee5\u4e59\u9170\u8f85\u9176A\u00a0(acetyl-CoA)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u539f\u6599\u5408\u6210\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u660e\u786e\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u5408\u6210\u901a\u5e38\u7ecf\u5386\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373\u4e59\u9170\u8f85\u9176A\u2192\u7532\u7f9f\u620a\u9178 (mevalonic acid, MVA)\u2192\u9ca8\u70ef (squalene)\u2192\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e59\u9170\u8f85\u9176A\u7ecf\u5386\u81ea\u8eab\u7f29\u5408\u4e0e\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7532\u7f9f\u620a\u9178\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7532\u7f9f\u620a\u9178\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6d3b\u5316\u7684\u5f02\u620a\u4e8c\u70ef\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u9ca8\u70ef\u780c\u5757\uff0c\u9ca8\u70ef\u7ecf\u9ca8\u70ef\u5355\u6c27\u5316\u9176 (squalene monooxygenase)\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u6c27\u5316\u4e3a2,3-\u73af\u6c27\u9ca8\u70ef (2,3-epoxysqualene)\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u73af\u5408\u9176 (cyclase)\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u73af\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8a\u6bdb\u753e\u9187\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8be5\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u4e0e\u771f\u83cc\u5408\u6210\u7c7b\u56fa\u9187\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8d77\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u4ee5\u53ca\u53bb\u7532\u57fa\u5316\u7b49\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u5f97\u80c6\u56fa\u9187<sup>[<\/sup><sup>5]<\/sup>\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728K. E. Bloch\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u5fb7\u56fd\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6F. Lynen\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e59\u9170\u8f85\u9176A\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u30021964\u5e74\uff0cNobel\u5956\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5c06\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956\u6388\u4e88K. E. Bloch\u4e0eF. Lynen\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u5176\u5728\u53d1\u73b0\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u4e0e\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u673a\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u8c03\u63a7\u4f5c\u7528\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff1b1985\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e24\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6M. Brown\u4e0eJ. L. Goldstein\u518d\u6b21\u51ed\u501f\u5728\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5206\u4eab\u4e86\u5f53\u5e74\u7684Nobel\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/6-4.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-39968 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/6-4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"558\" height=\"256\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/6-4.png 558w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/6-4-300x138.png 300w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/6-4-370x170.png 370w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 558px) 100vw, 558px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe5\u00a0\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u8def\u5f84\u793a\u610f\u56fe<\/p>\n<h4><strong><b>\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210<\/b><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>20\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u56e0\u753e\u4f53\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269 (\u4f8b\u5982cortisone)\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6d88\u708e\u4ee5\u53ca\u514d\u75ab\u6291\u5236\u7b49\u836f\u7406\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e26\u7ed9\u836f\u4f01\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u83b7\u5f97\u76f8\u5173\u836f\u4f01\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u753e\u4f53\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5408\u6210\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f7f\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210\u53d7\u5230\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4f17\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u516b\u4ed9\u8fc7\u6d77\uff0c\u5404\u663e\u795e\u901a\u201d\u5148\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u8def\u7ebf\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u5408\u6210\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u3002\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u7bc7\u5e45\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4ec5\u4ecb\u7ecd\u201c\u6709\u673a\u5408\u6210\u5927\u5e08\u201dR. B. Woodward\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u5168\u5408\u6210\u8def\u7ebf\u8bbe\u8ba1<sup>[<\/sup><sup>6]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1951-1952\u5e74\uff0cR. B. Woodward\u7b49\u4eba\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u76841,4-\u53d6\u4ee3\u82ef\u918c<strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd140\u6b65\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5408\u6210\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u91c7\u7528Diels-Alder\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7acb\u4f53\u4e13\u4e00\u6027\u5730\u83b7\u5f97\u987a\u5f0f\u73af\u52a0\u6210\u4ea7\u7269<strong><b>2<\/b><\/strong>\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u70ef\u9187\u8d1f\u79bb\u5b50\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\u8d28\u5b50\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u4ea7\u7269<strong><b>2<\/b><\/strong>\u6784\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u90e8\u5206\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u53cd\u5f0f\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53<strong><b>3<\/b><\/strong>\uff0c\u5c06\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53<strong><b>3<\/b><\/strong>\u7684\u7fb0\u57fa\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u9178\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u6c34\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c06\u70ef\u9187\u7532\u919a\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7fb0\u57fa\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6d88\u9664\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u03b1,\u03b2-\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u916e<strong><b>5<\/b><\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u7f9f\u57fa\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e59\u9178\u916f\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u91d1\u5c5e\u950c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u987a\u5229\u53bb\u9664\u4e59\u9170\u6c27\u57fa\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53<strong><b>6<\/b><\/strong>\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u8fc7Claisen\u7f29\u5408\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5c06\u919b\u57fa\u5f15\u5165<strong><b>6<\/b><\/strong>\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u780c\u5757<strong><b>7<\/b><\/strong>\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0cR. B. Woodward\u5c0f\u7ec4\u901a\u8fc7Michael\u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5728\u780c\u5757<strong><b>7<\/b><\/strong>\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u652f\u94fe\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u501f\u52a9Robinson\u73af\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u8d77\u65b0\u7684\u516d\u5143\u73af\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u919b\u57fa\u7684\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5173\u952e\u780c\u5757<strong><b>9<\/b><\/strong>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/7-4.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-39969 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/7-4.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"613\" height=\"278\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/7-4.png 613w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/7-4-300x136.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 613px) 100vw, 613px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe6 R. B. Woodward\u5168\u5408\u6210\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u8def\u7ebf-1<\/p>\n<p>\u968f\u540e\uff0cR. B. Woodward\u7b49\u4eba\u9009\u62e9OsO<sub>4<\/sub>\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c27\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5c06\u53cc\u952e\u6c27\u5316\u4e3a\u90bb\u4e8c\u9187\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5f15\u5165\u7f29\u916e\u57fa\u56e2\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u50ac\u5316\u52a0\u6c22\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53<strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong>\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8be5\u5c0f\u7ec4\u518d\u6b21\u901a\u8fc7Claisen\u7f29\u5408\uff0c\u5c06\u919b\u57fa\u5f15\u5165\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53<strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e0e\u7532\u57fa\u82ef\u80fa\u7f29\u5408\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5177\u6709\u70ef\u80fa\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5316\u5408\u7269<strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>2<\/b><\/strong>\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u70ef\u80fa\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5360\u636e\u7fb0\u57fa\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u03b1-\u53cd\u5e94\u4f4d\u70b9\u3002\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6784\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u73af\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\uff0cR. B. Woodward\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u53bb\u9664\u7fb0\u57fa\u03b3-\u4f4d\u7684\u8d28\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u632f\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u03b1-\u4f4d\u7f6e\u91c7\u7528Michael\u52a0\u6210\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u5177\u6709\u672b\u7aef\u6c30\u57fa\u7684\u652f\u94fe\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6c34\u89e3\uff0c\u5c06\u6c30\u57fa\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7fa7\u57fa\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u70ef\u80fa\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6c34\u89e3\u4e0e\u6d88\u9664\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u780c\u5757<strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>3<\/b><\/strong>\u3002\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u901a\u8fc7\u4e59\u9178\u94a0\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7684\u73af\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u780c\u5757<strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>4<\/b><\/strong>\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5316\u5408\u7269<strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>4<\/b><\/strong>\u7684\u5728\u7532\u57fa\u6eb4\u5316\u9541\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f00\u73af\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e8c\u916e<strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>5<\/b><\/strong>\u3002\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u901a\u8fc7\u78b1\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u7f9f\u919b\u7f29\u5408\uff0c\u5c06\u4e8c\u916e<strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>5<\/b><\/strong>\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u73af\uff0c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u03b1,\u03b2-\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u916e<strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>6<\/b><\/strong>\uff0c<strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>6<\/b><\/strong>\u5728\u9ad8\u7898\u9178\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u7f29\u916e\u4fdd\u62a4\u57fa\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u90bb\u4e8c\u9187\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6c27\u5316\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e8c\u919b\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53<strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>7<\/b><\/strong>\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8c\u919b<strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>7<\/b><\/strong>\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u7f29\u5408\u4e0e\u8131\u6c34\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53<strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>8<\/b><\/strong>\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u919b\u57fa\u6c27\u5316\u4e3a\u7fa7\u57fa\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u4e0e\u91cd\u6c2e\u7532\u70f7\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5c06\u7fa7\u57fa\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7532\u6c27\u7fb0\u57fa\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u6c22\u5316\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5c06\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53<strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>8<\/b><\/strong>\u7684\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5316\u5408\u7269<strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>9<\/b><\/strong>\uff0c\u5c06<strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>9<\/b><\/strong>\u4e2d\u916f\u57fa\u6c34\u89e3\u540e\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u9170\u6c2f\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u9170\u6c2f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e59\u9170\u57fa\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53<strong><b>2<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>0<\/b><\/strong>\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7Grignard\u8bd5\u5242\u4eb2\u6838\u52a0\u6210\u4ee5\u53ca\u9178\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u7f9f\u57fa\u6d88\u9664\u4e0e\u53cc\u952e\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u8102\u80aa\u65cf\u957f\u94fe\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5316\u5408\u7269<strong><b>2<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>1<\/b><\/strong>\u3002\u5728\u53bb\u9664\u4e59\u9170\u57fa\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u780c\u5757<strong><b>2<\/b><\/strong><strong><b>2<\/b><\/strong>\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u6b65\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u6784\u5efa\u516d\u5143\u73af\u5185\u53cc\u952e\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5b8c\u6210\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/8-3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-39970 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/8-3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"636\" height=\"586\" srcset=\"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/8-3.png 636w, https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2021\/09\/8-3-300x276.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 636px) 100vw, 636px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u56fe6 R. B. Woodward\u5168\u5408\u6210\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u8def\u7ebf-2<\/p>\n<p>\u9664R. B. Woodward\u7b49\u4eba\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5408\u6210\u8def\u7ebf\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u82f1\u56fd\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6R. Robinson\uff0c(\u56e0\u5bf9\u690d\u7269\u751f\u7269\u78b1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u83b7\u5f971947\u5e74Nobel\u5316\u5b66\u5956)\u00a0\u91c7\u7528\u4e0eR. B. Woodward\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u539f\u6599\u4e0e\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u987a\u5229\u5b8c\u6210\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210<sup>[<\/sup><sup>7]<\/sup>\u3002\u867d\u7136\u73e0\u7389\u5728\u524d\uff0c\u6500\u767b\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u5408\u6210\u9ad8\u5cf0\u7684\u6b65\u4f10\u5374\u4ece\u672a\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u540e\u6765Bauer\u00a0(1966\u5e74)\u3001Rychnovsky (1992\u5e74)\u4e0eCovey\u00a0(2002\u5e74)\u7b49\u4eba\u7ee7\u7eed\u8bbe\u8ba1\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u987a\u5229\u5b9e\u73b0\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u5916\u6d88\u65cb\u4f53\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u6620\u4f53\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210<sup>[<\/sup><sup>8]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<h4><strong><b>\u7ed3\u675f\u8bed<\/b><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u9002\u91cf\u7684\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u5bf9\u7ef4\u6301\u4eba\u4f53\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u751f\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u8981\u610f\u4e49\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fc7\u591a\u7684\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u5219\u4f1a\u5bf9\u4eba\u4f53\u5065\u5eb7\u5e26\u6765\u8bf8\u591a\u4e0d\u5229\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u60a3\u75c5\u98ce\u9669\u3002\u81ea\u4ece1784\u5e74\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u9996\u6b21\u88ab\u53d1\u73b0\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u56f4\u7ed5\u5b83\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8de8\u8d8a\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u5e76\u4e14\u6210\u679c\u6590\u7136\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u6d89\u53ca\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u53ca\u591a\u6b21\u65a9\u83b7Nobel\u5956\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u4e3a\u4ed6\u6c40\u7c7b\u964d\u8840\u8102\u836f\u7269 (statins)\u7684\u7814\u53d1\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u57fa\u7840\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4ecd\u6709\u8bb8\u591a\u672a\u77e5\u7684\u79d1\u5b66\u79d8\u5bc6\u6709\u5f85\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u672a\u6765\u662f\u5426\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u5173\u4e8e\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u62ed\u76ee\u4ee5\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n<h4><strong><b>\u53c2\u8003\u8d44\u6599<\/b><\/strong><\/h4>\n[1] \u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7f51\u9875\u8d44\u6599\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/zh\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/cardiovascular-diseases-(cvds)\"><u>\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n[2] \u7f51\u9875\u8d44\u6599\uff1a<a href=\"http:\/\/wjw.beijing.gov.cn\/bmfw_20143\/jkzs\/jbzs\/202010\/t20201023_2119599.html\"><u>\u51a0\u5fc3\u75c5\u77e5\u591a\u5c11<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n[3] \u4efb\u884d\u94a2, \u5b8b\u7389\u5947. <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cqvip.com\/qk\/90078x\/201210\/43541527.html\"><u>\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u4e0e\u8ba4\u8bc6\u5386\u7a0b<\/u><\/a>. <em><i>\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u901a\u62a5<\/i><\/em>, <strong><b>2012<\/b><\/strong>, <em><i>47<\/i><\/em>, 59.<\/p>\n[4] \u7f51\u9875\u8d44\u6599\uff1a<a href=\"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rsbm.1958.0026\"><u>Heinrich Wieland, 1877-1957<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n[5] N. M. F. S. A. Cerqueira, E. F. Oliveira, D. S. Gesto, D. Santos-Martins, C. Moreira, H. N. Moorthy, M. J. Ramos, P. A. Fernandes, <em><i>Biochemistry<\/i><\/em>, <strong><b>2016<\/b><\/strong>, <em><i>55<\/i><\/em>, 5483. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/acs.biochem.6b00342\"><u>10.1021\/acs.biochem.6b00342<\/u><\/a><u>.<\/u><\/p>\n[6] (a) R. B. Woodward, F. Sondheimer, D. Taub, K. Heusler, W. M. Mc Lamore, <em><i>J. Am. Chem. Soc.<\/i><\/em>\u00a0<strong><b>1951<\/b><\/strong>, <em><i>73<\/i><\/em>, 2403. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/ja01149a562\"><u>10.1021\/ja01149a562<\/u><\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>(b) R. B. Woodward, F. Sondheimer, D. Taub, <em><i>J. Am. Chem. Soc. <\/i><\/em><strong><b>1951<\/b><\/strong>, <em><i>73<\/i><\/em>, 3547. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/ja01151a555\"><u>10.1021\/ja01151a555<\/u><\/a><u>.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>(c) R. B. Woodward, F. Sondheimer, D. Taub, <em><i>J. Am. Chem. Soc. <\/i><\/em><strong><b>1951<\/b><\/strong>, <em><i>73<\/i><\/em>, 3548. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/ja01151a556\"><u>10.1021\/ja01151a556<\/u><\/a><u>.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>(d) R. B. Woodward, F. Sondheimer, D. Taub, K. Heusler, W. M. Mc Lamore, <em><i>J. Am. Chem. Soc.<\/i><\/em>\u00a0<strong><b>1952<\/b><\/strong>, <em><i>74<\/i><\/em>, 4223. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/ja01137a001\"><u>10.1021\/ja01137a001<\/u><\/a><u>.<\/u><\/p>\n[7] G. Mulheirn, Robinson, <em><i>Endeavour<\/i><\/em>, <strong><b>2000<\/b><\/strong>, <em><i>24<\/i><\/em>, 107.\u00a0doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0160-9327(00)01310-7\"><u>10.1016\/S0160-9327(00)01310-7<\/u><\/a><u>.<\/u><\/p>\n[8] (a) W. S. Johnson, J. A. Marshall, J. F. W. Keana, et al. <em><i>Tetrahedron<\/i><\/em>, <strong><b>1966<\/b><\/strong>, <em><i>22<\/i><\/em>, 541. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0040-4020(01)90961-5\"><u>10.1016\/S0040-4020(01)90961-5<\/u><\/a><u>.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>(b) S. D. Rychnovsky, D. E. Mickus, <em><i>J. Org. Chem.<\/i><\/em>\u00a0<strong><b>1992<\/b><\/strong>, <em><i>57<\/i><\/em>, 2732. doi: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/abs\/10.1021\/jo00035a036\"><u>10.1021\/jo00035a036<\/u><\/a><u>.<\/u><\/p>\n<p>(c) X. Jiang, D. F. Covey, <em><i>J. Org. Chem.<\/i><\/em>\u00a0<strong><b>2002<\/b><\/strong>, <em><i>67<\/i><\/em>, 4893.\u00a0doi:<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.acs.org\/doi\/10.1021\/jo025535k\"><u>\u00a010.1021\/jo025535k<\/u><\/a><u>.<\/u><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u5f15\u8a00 \u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u6307\u5fc3\u810f\u4e0e\u8840\u7ba1\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u75c5\u75c7\u5305\u62ec\u51a0\u5fc3\u75c5\u3001\u98ce\u6e7f\u6027\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\u3001\u8111\u8840\u7ba1\u75c5\u7b49\uff0c\u4e25\u91cd\u5371\u5bb3\u4eba\u7c7b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5065\u5eb7\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u536b\u751f\u7ec4\u7ec7\u7edf\u8ba1\u6570\u636e\u8868\u660e[1]\uff0c\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5\u662f\u5168\u7403\u7684\u5934\u53f7\u6b7b\u56e0\uff0c\u6bcf\u5e74\u6b7b\u4e8e\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u4eba\u6570\u591a\u4e8e\u5176\u5b83\u6b7b\u56e0\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u51a0\u5fc3\u75c5\u662f\u6700\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5168\u79f0\u4e3a\u51a0\u72b6\u52a8\u8109\u7ca5\u6837\u786c\u5316\u6027\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5\uff0c\u662f\u51a0\u72b6\u52a8\u8109\u8840\u7ba1\u53d1\u751f\u52a8\u8109\u7ca5\u6837\u786c\u5316\u75c5\u53d8\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u8840\u7ba1\u8154\u72ed\u7a84\u6216\u963b\u585e\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u5fc3\u808c\u7f3a\u8840\u3001\u7f3a\u6c27\u6216\u574f\u6b7b\u800c\u5bfc\u81f4\u7684\u5fc3\u810f\u75c5[2]\u3002\u5b83\u4e0e\u5438\u70df\u3001\u9157\u9152\u3001\u80a5\u80d6\u3001\u7f3a\u4e4f\u8fd0\u52a8\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u996e\u98df\u7b49\u5b58\u5728\u5bc6\u5207\u8054\u7cfb\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u542b\u91cf\u8fc7\u9ad8\u540c\u6837\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u7f79\u60a3\u75be\u75c5\u98ce\u9669\u3002 \u56fe1 \u52a8\u8109\u7ca5\u6837\u786c\u5316\u793a\u610f\u56fe\uff08\u56fe\u7247\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\u7ef4\u57fa\u767e\u79d1\uff09 \u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u4e0e\u5fc3\u8840\u7ba1\u75be\u75c5 \u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6784\u6210\u751f\u547d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\uff0c\u5b83\u5e7f\u6cdb\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u52a8\u7269\u4f53\u7684\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u4e5f\u662f\u4eba\u4f53\u5408\u6210\u7c7b\u56fa\u9187\u6fc0\u7d20\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u919b\u56fa\u916e (aldosterone)\u3001\u76ae\u8d28\u9187 (cortisol)\u3001\u6027\u6fc0\u7d20 (sexhormone)\u4e0e\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20D\u4ee5\u53ca\u80c6\u9178 (cholic acid,\u00a0\u80c6\u6c41\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6210\u5206)\u7684\u524d\u4f53\u7269\u8d28\u3002\u65e9\u57281784\u5e74\uff0c\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u5c31\u7531\u6cd5\u56fd\u533b\u751f\u4ece\u80c6\u7ed3\u77f3\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\uff0c\u5176\u82f1\u6587\u540dcholesterol \u6e90\u81ea\u5e0c\u814a\u6587\u7684chole\u00a0(\u80c6\u6c41)\u52a0\u4e0a stereos\u00a0(\u56fa\u4f53)\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u7531\u4e8e\u5176\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u542b\u6709\u7f9f\u57fa\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u4ee5 -ol \u540e\u7f00\u7ed3\u5c3e\uff0c\u6545\u79f0\u4e3a\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u3002\u81ea1910\u5e74\u5fb7\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6A. Windaus\u53d1\u73b0\u51a0\u5fc3\u75c5\u60a3\u8005\u52a8\u8109\u58c1\u7ca5\u6837\u6591\u5757\u5185\u542b\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\uff0c\u5e76\u63d0\u51fa\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u5347\u9ad8\u4e0e\u75be\u75c5\u5b58\u5728\u5185\u5728\u5173\u8054\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u8bf8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5f00\u542f\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u4e0e\u51a0\u5fc3\u75c5\u4e4b\u95f4\u8054\u7cfb\u7684\u5faa\u8bc1\u4e4b\u8def\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u786e\u5b9a\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u9ad8\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u542b\u91cf\u4f1a\u589e\u52a0\u7f79\u60a3\u52a8\u8109\u7ca5\u6837\u786c\u5316\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u30021928\u5e74\uff0c\u51ed\u501f\u5728\u753e\u4f53\u56fa\u9187\u9886\u57df\u7684\u5148\u9a71\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0cWindaus\u83b7\u5f97Nobel\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u968f\u540e\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u56f4\u7ed5\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u89e3\u6790\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u3001\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210\u4ee5\u53ca\u5206\u5b50\u8c03\u8282\u673a\u5236\u7b49\u70ed\u70b9\u9886\u57df\u53c8\u5f00\u5c55\u4e86\u5927\u91cf\u539f\u521b\u6027\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u76f8\u5173\u6210\u679c\u66f4\u662f\u591a\u6b21\u65a9\u83b7Nobel\u5956\u6842\u51a0[3]\u3002 \u56fe2. A. Windaus\u4e0e\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784 \u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u89e3\u6790 \u524d\u6587\u5df2\u7ecf\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u5c3d\u7ba1\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u5df2\u7ecf\u53d1\u73b0\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5176\u5316\u5b66\u5f0fC27H46O\u5374\u76f4\u52301888\u5e74\u624d\u7531\u5965\u5730\u5229\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6F. Reinitzer\u6b63\u5f0f\u786e\u5b9a\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u521d\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u53ea\u80fd\u786e\u5b9a\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7ed3\u6784\u4e2d\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u7f9f\u57fa\u4e0e\u53cc\u952e\u3002\u663e\u7136\uff0c\u8fd9\u8ddd\u79bb\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u51c6\u786e\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u5dee\u751a\u8fdc\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u5219\u6765\u81ea\u5fb7\u56fd\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6H.\u00a0Wieland\u5bf9\u4e8e\u80c6\u6c41\u9178 (bile acid)\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u7814\u7a76\u30021912\u5e74\uff0cWieland\u6210\u529f\u4ece\u80c6\u6c41\u4e2d\u5206\u79bb\u5230\u4e86\u4e09\u79cd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u80c6\u6c41\u9178\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u5e76\u53d1\u73b0\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u5728\u7ed3\u6784\u4e0a\u4e0e\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\uff0c\u540e\u6765Wieland\u51ed\u501f\u5bf9\u80c6\u6c41\u9178\u53ca\u76f8\u5173\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u83b7\u5f971927\u5e74Nobel\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u3002\u5728Wieland\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\uff0c1919\u5e74Windaus\u901a\u8fc7\u5bf9\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u8fdb\u884c\u5316\u5b66\u964d\u89e3\u3001\u8131\u6c34\u3001\u6c22\u5316\u7b49\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5c06\u5176\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u80c6\u70f7\u9178 (cholanic\u00a0acid\u00a0)\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u6b63\u5f0f\u786e\u5b9a\u80c6\u6c41\u9178\u4e0e\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u78b3\u9aa8\u67b6[4]\u3002 \u56fe3 \u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u4e0e\u80c6\u70f7\u9178\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027 \u867d\u7136Wieland\u4e0eWindaus\u7b49\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u61c8\u52aa\u529b\u521d\u6b65\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u80c6\u6c41\u9178\u53ca\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u968f\u7740X-\u5c04\u7ebf\u6676\u4f53\u5b66\u7684\u53d1\u5c55\uff0c1932\u5e74\u82f1\u56fd\u8457\u540d\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6D. Hodgkin\u4e0e\u5176\u5bfc\u5e08J. D. Bernal\uff0c(\u8457\u540d\u6676\u4f53\u5b66\u5bb6)\u5171\u540c\u5bf9\u753e\u4f53\u5316\u5408\u7269\u539f\u6709\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u4fee\u6b63\uff1bWieland\u5219\u636e\u6b64\u4fee\u6b63\u4e86\u65e9\u671f\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u80c6\u6c41\u9178\u7ed3\u6784\u5e76\u6210\u4e3a\u540e\u6765\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u516c\u8ba4\u7684\u80c6\u6c41\u9178\u7ed3\u6784\u5f0f\u3002\u81ea1934\u5e74\u8d77\uff0cD. Hodgkin\u7b49\u4eba\u91c7\u7528X-\u5c04\u7ebf\u884d\u5c04\u6280\u672f\uff0c\u5bf9\u6570\u767e\u79cd\u753e\u4f53\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u884c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5e76\u4e8e1937\u5e74\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u540e\u6765\u8be5\u5c0f\u7ec4\u76f8\u7ee7\u5b8c\u6210\u6d89\u53ca\u9752\u9709\u7d20 (1945\u5e74)\u3001\u7ef4\u751f\u7d20B12 (1954\u5e74)\u4ee5\u53ca\u80f0\u5c9b\u7d20 (1969\u5e74)\u7b49\u5728\u5185\u7684\u8bf8\u591a\u590d\u6742\u751f\u5316\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u4e09\u7ef4\u7ed3\u6784\u89e3\u6790\uff0c\u56e0\u5176\u5728\u201c\u5229\u7528X-\u5c04\u7ebf\u6280\u672f\u89e3\u6790\u91cd\u8981\u751f\u5316\u7269\u8d28\u7ed3\u6784\u201d\u9886\u57df\u7684\u6770\u51fa\u8d21\u732e\uff0cD. Hodgkin\u88ab\u6388\u4e881964\u5e74\u5ea6Nobel\u5316\u5b66\u5956\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u7ee7M.\u00a0Curie\u6bcd\u5973\u4e4b\u540e\u7b2c\u4e09\u4f4d\u83b7\u5f97Nobel\u5316\u5b66\u5956\u6842\u51a0\u7684\u5973\u6027\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u3002 \u56fe4 H. Wieland\u4e0eD. Hodgkin \u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210 \u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u662f\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u7ec6\u80de\u819c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u5206\uff0c\u540c\u6837\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u591a\u79cd\u751f\u7269\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u524d\u4f53\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5176\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u4e0e\u4ee3\u8c22\u8f6c\u53d8\u4ee5\u53ca\u8f6c\u8fd0\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u751f\u7269\u5b66\u5bb6\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u7126\u70b9\u4e4b\u4e00\u300220\u4e16\u7eaa\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u5fb7\u88d4\u7f8e\u56fd\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6K. E. Bloch\u957f\u671f\u81f4\u529b\u4e8e\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7ecf\u8fc7\u957f\u671f\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0cK. E. Bloch\u6210\u529f\u9610\u660e\u751f\u7269\u4f53\u4ee5\u4e59\u9170\u8f85\u9176A\u00a0(acetyl-CoA)\u4f5c\u4e3a\u539f\u6599\u5408\u6210\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u673a\u5236\u3002\u523020\u4e16\u7eaa50\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u5df2\u7ecf\u660e\u786e\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u5408\u6210\u901a\u5e38\u7ecf\u5386\u4e09\u4e2a\u9636\u6bb5\uff0c\u5373\u4e59\u9170\u8f85\u9176A\u2192\u7532\u7f9f\u620a\u9178 (mevalonic acid, MVA)\u2192\u9ca8\u70ef (squalene)\u2192\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u4e59\u9170\u8f85\u9176A\u7ecf\u5386\u81ea\u8eab\u7f29\u5408\u4e0e\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u7532\u7f9f\u620a\u9178\uff0c\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u7532\u7f9f\u620a\u9178\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u6d3b\u5316\u7684\u5f02\u620a\u4e8c\u70ef\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8be5\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u9ca8\u70ef\u780c\u5757\uff0c\u9ca8\u70ef\u7ecf\u9ca8\u70ef\u5355\u6c27\u5316\u9176 (squalene monooxygenase)\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5730\u6c27\u5316\u4e3a2,3-\u73af\u6c27\u9ca8\u70ef (2,3-epoxysqualene)\uff0c\u5e76\u5728\u73af\u5408\u9176 (cyclase)\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d1\u751f\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u73af\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u7f8a\u6bdb\u753e\u9187\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8be5\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u52a8\u7269\u4e0e\u771f\u83cc\u5408\u6210\u7c7b\u56fa\u9187\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u8d77\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u7ecf\u5386\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u3001\u8fd8\u539f\u4ee5\u53ca\u53bb\u7532\u57fa\u5316\u7b49\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u83b7\u5f97\u80c6\u56fa\u9187[5]\u3002\u9700\u8981\u8bf4\u660e\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728K. E. Bloch\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u5fb7\u56fd\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6F. Lynen\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u4e59\u9170\u8f85\u9176A\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u53ca\u5176\u4e0e\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u30021964\u5e74\uff0cNobel\u5956\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u5c06\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956\u6388\u4e88K. E. Bloch\u4e0eF. Lynen\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u5176\u5728\u53d1\u73b0\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u4e0e\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u7684\u4ee3\u8c22\u673a\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u8c03\u63a7\u4f5c\u7528\u9886\u57df\u7684\u8d21\u732e\uff1b1985\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e24\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6M. Brown\u4e0eJ. L. Goldstein\u518d\u6b21\u51ed\u501f\u5728\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u4ee3\u8c22\u7684\u8c03\u63a7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u53d1\u73b0\u5206\u4eab\u4e86\u5f53\u5e74\u7684Nobel\u751f\u7406\u5b66\u6216\u533b\u5b66\u5956\u3002 \u56fe5\u00a0\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5408\u6210\u8def\u5f84\u793a\u610f\u56fe \u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210 20\u4e16\u7eaa40\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\uff0c\u56e0\u753e\u4f53\u7c7b\u5316\u5408\u7269 (\u4f8b\u5982cortisone)\u5177\u6709\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6d88\u708e\u4ee5\u53ca\u514d\u75ab\u6291\u5236\u7b49\u836f\u7406\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u5e26\u7ed9\u836f\u4f01\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u5546\u4e1a\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u83b7\u5f97\u76f8\u5173\u836f\u4f01\u7684\u8d44\u52a9\uff0c\u4ece\u4e8b\u753e\u4f53\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5408\u6210\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4f7f\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u5408\u6210\u53d7\u5230\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u4f17\u591a\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u5173\u6ce8\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u201c\u516b\u4ed9\u8fc7\u6d77\uff0c\u5404\u663e\u795e\u901a\u201d\u5148\u540e\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u540c\u7b56\u7565\u4e0e\u8def\u7ebf\u8bbe\u8ba1\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u5145\u5206\u5c55\u793a\u51fa\u5408\u6210\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u9b45\u529b\u3002\u53d7\u9650\u4e8e\u7bc7\u5e45\uff0c\u672c\u6587\u4ec5\u4ecb\u7ecd\u201c\u6709\u673a\u5408\u6210\u5927\u5e08\u201dR. B. Woodward\u56e2\u961f\u7684\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u5168\u5408\u6210\u8def\u7ebf\u8bbe\u8ba1[6]\u3002 1951-1952\u5e74\uff0cR. B. Woodward\u7b49\u4eba\u4ee5\u7b80\u5355\u76841,4-\u53d6\u4ee3\u82ef\u918c1\u4f5c\u4e3a\u8d77\u59cb\u539f\u6599\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u8fd140\u6b65\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5408\u6210\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u91c7\u7528Diels-Alder\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u7acb\u4f53\u4e13\u4e00\u6027\u5730\u83b7\u5f97\u987a\u5f0f\u73af\u52a0\u6210\u4ea7\u72692\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u70ef\u9187\u8d1f\u79bb\u5b50\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f53\u8d28\u5b50\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c06\u4ea7\u72692\u6784\u578b\u8fdb\u884c\u90e8\u5206\u8f6c\u5316\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u53cd\u5f0f\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f533\uff0c\u5c06\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f533\u7684\u7fb0\u57fa\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u9178\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u6c34\u89e3\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5c06\u70ef\u9187\u7532\u919a\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7fb0\u57fa\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6d88\u9664\u6c34\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u03b1,\u03b2-\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u916e5\u3002\u5728\u7f9f\u57fa\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e59\u9178\u916f\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u91d1\u5c5e\u950c\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u987a\u5229\u53bb\u9664\u4e59\u9170\u6c27\u57fa\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f536\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u8fc7Claisen\u7f29\u5408\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u5c06\u919b\u57fa\u5f15\u51656\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u780c\u57577\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0cR. B. Woodward\u5c0f\u7ec4\u901a\u8fc7Michael\u52a0\u6210\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u5728\u780c\u57577\u4e2d\u5f15\u5165\u652f\u94fe\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u501f\u52a9Robinson\u73af\u5316\u53cd\u5e94\uff0c\u6784\u5efa\u8d77\u65b0\u7684\u516d\u5143\u73af\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u919b\u57fa\u7684\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5173\u952e\u780c\u57579\u3002 \u56fe6 R. B. Woodward\u5168\u5408\u6210\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u8def\u7ebf-1 \u968f\u540e\uff0cR. B. Woodward\u7b49\u4eba\u9009\u62e9OsO4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6c27\u5316\u5242\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u5c06\u53cc\u952e\u6c27\u5316\u4e3a\u90bb\u4e8c\u9187\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u5f15\u5165\u7f29\u916e\u57fa\u56e2\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u50ac\u5316\u52a0\u6c22\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ea7\u751f\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f5311\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u8be5\u5c0f\u7ec4\u518d\u6b21\u901a\u8fc7Claisen\u7f29\u5408\uff0c\u5c06\u919b\u57fa\u5f15\u5165\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f5311\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u4e0e\u7532\u57fa\u82ef\u80fa\u7f29\u5408\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5177\u6709\u70ef\u80fa\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u5316\u5408\u726912\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u901a\u8fc7\u70ef\u80fa\u5355\u5143\uff0c\u5360\u636e\u7fb0\u57fa\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u03b1-\u53cd\u5e94\u4f4d\u70b9\u3002\u4e3a\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6784\u5efa\u65b0\u7684\u73af\u7cfb\u7ed3\u6784\uff0cR. B. Woodward\u5c0f\u7ec4\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u53bb\u9664\u7fb0\u57fa\u03b3-\u4f4d\u7684\u8d28\u5b50\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u5171\u632f\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u5176\u03b1-\u4f4d\u7f6e\u91c7\u7528Michael\u52a0\u6210\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u5177\u6709\u672b\u7aef\u6c30\u57fa\u7684\u652f\u94fe\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6c34\u89e3\uff0c\u5c06\u6c30\u57fa\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7fa7\u57fa\u3002\u4e0e\u6b64\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4f34\u968f\u70ef\u80fa\u7ed3\u6784\u7684\u6c34\u89e3\u4e0e\u6d88\u9664\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u780c\u575713\u3002\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u901a\u8fc7\u4e59\u9178\u94a0\u4fc3\u8fdb\u7684\u73af\u5316\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u780c\u575714\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5316\u5408\u726914\u7684\u5728\u7532\u57fa\u6eb4\u5316\u9541\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u5f00\u73af\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e8c\u916e15\u3002\u5e76\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u901a\u8fc7\u78b1\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u7f9f\u919b\u7f29\u5408\uff0c\u5c06\u4e8c\u916e15\u8fdb\u884c\u5173\u73af\uff0c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u03b1,\u03b2-\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u916e16\uff0c16\u5728\u9ad8\u7898\u9178\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u7f29\u916e\u4fdd\u62a4\u57fa\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u90bb\u4e8c\u9187\u7ed3\u6784\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u6c27\u5316\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e8c\u919b\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f5317\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4e8c\u919b17\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5185\u7f29\u5408\u4e0e\u8131\u6c34\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f5318\uff0c\u5e76\u5c06\u919b\u57fa\u6c27\u5316\u4e3a\u7fa7\u57fa\u540e\uff0c\u518d\u4e0e\u91cd\u6c2e\u7532\u70f7\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8fdb\u800c\u5c06\u7fa7\u57fa\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u7532\u6c27\u7fb0\u57fa\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u91c7\u7528\u9009\u62e9\u6027\u6c22\u5316\u6b65\u9aa4\uff0c\u5c06\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f5318\u7684\u4e0d\u9971\u548c\u7ed3\u6784\u8fd8\u539f\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5316\u5408\u726919\uff0c\u5c0619\u4e2d\u916f\u57fa\u6c34\u89e3\u540e\uff0c\u7ee7\u800c\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u9170\u6c2f\uff0c\u5e76\u901a\u8fc7\u9170\u6c2f\u8fdb\u4e00\u6b65\u8f6c\u5316\u4e3a\u4e59\u9170\u57fa\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u4e2d\u95f4\u4f5320\u3002\u6700\u540e\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7Grignard\u8bd5\u5242\u4eb2\u6838\u52a0\u6210\u4ee5\u53ca\u9178\u6027\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u7684\u7f9f\u57fa\u6d88\u9664\u4e0e\u53cc\u952e\u7684\u8fd8\u539f\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u5f15\u5165\u8102\u80aa\u65cf\u957f\u94fe\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u83b7\u5f97\u5316\u5408\u726921\u3002\u5728\u53bb\u9664\u4e59\u9170\u57fa\u4fdd\u62a4\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u780c\u575722\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\uff0c\u518d\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u6b65\u53cd\u5e94\u8fc7\u7a0b\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u6784\u5efa\u516d\u5143\u73af\u5185\u53cc\u952e\uff0c\u6700\u7ec8\u5b8c\u6210\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210\u3002 \u56fe6 R. B. Woodward\u5168\u5408\u6210\u80c6\u56fa\u9187\u8def\u7ebf-2 \u9664R. B. Woodward\u7b49\u4eba\u8bbe\u8ba1\u7684\u5408\u6210\u8def\u7ebf\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u65f6\u671f\u82f1\u56fd\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u8457\u540d\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6R. Robinson\uff0c(\u56e0\u5bf9\u690d\u7269\u751f\u7269\u78b1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u83b7\u5f971947\u5e74Nobel\u5316\u5b66\u5956)\u00a0\u91c7\u7528\u4e0eR. B. 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