[4]<\/sub><\/h4>\n\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u82f1\u6587\u540d\u4e3aatomic orbital\u3002\u5206\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u82f1\u6587\u540d\u4e3amolecular orbital\u3002\u8bf7\u64e6\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u5b83\u662f<\/u>orbital<\/u>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f<\/u>orbit<\/u>\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6211\u5148\u8bb2\u4e00\u70b9\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u3002<\/p>\n
\u73b0\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u524d\u671f\u91cf\u5b50\u8bba\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u9ece\u660e\u65f6\u671f\uff0cBohr\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u7ecf\u8fc710\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u53d8\u6765\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2aBohr\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u8f68\u9053\u4e0a\u5f3a\u884c\u52a0\u5165\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u8fd8\u5728\u8003\u8651\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u5355\u8bcdorbit\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6765\u547d\u540d\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76f4\u89c2\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u6ce2\u51fd\u6570\u753b\u4e86\u7b49\u53f7\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u75281s orbit\uff0c2s orbital\u2026\u2026\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8bcd1s orbital function\uff0c2s orbital function\u2026\u2026\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u6210\u4e3a\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u65b0\u540d\u8bcd\uff08orbit\u662f\u540d\u8bcd\uff0corbital\u662f\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u592a\u5408\u7406\u4e86\u3002 \u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u8f68\u9053\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u91cf\u5b50\u6570n\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4e0e\u8f68\u9053\u534a\u5f84\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u6570n\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u6765\u8ba1\u6570\u3002\u4f7f\u7528orbit\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u7ecf\u5178\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u8bcd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u6709\u504f\u5dee\u7684\uff0c\u8bf4\u5230\u5e95\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3aorbital function\u5916\u522b\u65e0\u4ed6\u6cd5\u3002\u73b0\u5728function\u88ab\u62bd\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u53ea\u5269orbital\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u79f0\u4e3a\u8f68\u9053\u3002<\/p>\n
\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5374\u88ab\u540c\u6837\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e86\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u6709\u70b9\u5e26\u6709\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u4e86<\/u>\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u4f53\u533a\u5206\u4e00\u4e0b\u201c\u8f68\u9053\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8f68\u9053\u51fd\u6570\u201d\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d \u3002<\/p>\n
~<\/strong>\u5b8c<\/strong>~<\/strong><\/p>\n\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e<\/h4>\n[1]\u6e05\u6c34\u660e, \u7b2c1\u7ae0\u3000\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306e\u7834\u7dbb\u3000\u7b2c2\u7ae0\u3000\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u300c\u65b0\u7248\u3000\u91cf\u5b50\u8ad6\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u300d\u30b5\u30a4\u30a8\u30f3\u30b9\u793e, 2018\u5e74, pp10-14, 19-21.<\/p>\n[2]\u539f\u5cf6\u9bae\u3000\u7b2c14\u7ae0 \u6c34\u7d20\u985e\u4f3c\u539f\u5b50\u3000\u300c\u521d\u7b49\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66(\u6539\u8a02\u7248)\u300d\u88f3\u83ef\u623f,\u00a0 2018\u5e74.<\/p>\n[3]JOHN McMURRY, \u7b2c1\u7ae0\u3000\u539f\u5b50\u306e\u69cb\u9020:\u8ecc\u9053\u00a0 \u00a0ORGANIC CEMISTRY Ninth Edition\u00a0 \u6771\u4eac\u5316\u5b66\u540c\u4eba, 2017\u5e74, pp4-5.<\/p>\n[4]\u85e4\u6c38\u8302\u3000\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u30001\u4e2d\u5fc31\u96fb\u5b50\u7cfb\u3000\u300c\u5165\u9580\u5206\u5b50\u8ecc\u9053\u6cd5\u3000\u5206\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u3092\u624b\u304c\u3051\u308b\u524d\u306b\u300d\u8b1b\u8ac7\u793e, 2008\u5e74, pp43-45<\/p>\n
\u672c\u6587\u7248\u6743\u5c5e\u4e8e\u00a0Chem-Station\u5316\u5b66\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c \u6b22\u8fce\u70b9\u51fb\u6309\u94ae\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u672a\u7ecf\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u8c22\u7edd\u8f6c\u8f7d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u8bd1\u81eaChem-Station\u7f51\u7ad9\u65e5\u672c\u7248 \u539f\u6587\u94fe\u63a5\uff1a\u8aa4\u89e3\u3057\u3066\u306a\u3044? \u96fb\u5b50\u306e\u8ecc\u9053\u306f\u201d\u8ecc\u9053\u201d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044 \u7ffb\u8bd1\uff1a\u70b8\u9e21 \u6821\u5bf9\uff1aJiao Jiao \u524d\u60c5\u56de\u987e \u5728\u300a\u8f68\u9053\u975e\u8f68\u9053\u2014\u2014\u539f\u5b50\u201c\u8f68\u9053\u201d\u7684\u771f\u9762\u76ee<\u4e0a>\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u8be6\u7ec6\u89e3\u91ca\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u4e16\u754c\u4e0e\u5b8f\u89c2\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u4e24\u70b9\u4e0a\uff1a\u91cf\u5b50\u4e16\u754c\u91cc\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u65e0\u6cd5\u786e\u5b9a\u4ee5\u53ca\u5404\u4e2a\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u65e0\u6cd5\u88ab\u51c6\u786e\u7b97\u51fa\u5e76\u5e26\u6709\u8bef\u5dee\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u63a8\u5bfc\u51fa\u4e86\u5355\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u5728\u53d7\u5230\u5e93\u4ed1\u529b\u4e0b\u7684Schr\u00f6dinger\u65b9\u7a0b\uff08\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u65b9\u7a0b\uff09\uff08\u4e0b\u56fe\uff09 \u56fe1. \u5355\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u5728\u53d7\u5230\u5e93\u4ed1\u529b\u4e0b\u7684Schr\u00f6dinger\u65b9\u7a0b \u8f68\u9053\u56fe \u94fa\u57ab\u5230\u6b64\u7ed3\u675f\u3002\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u6b63\u5f0f\u8fdb\u5165\u6b63\u9898\uff01\u5bf9\u4e0a\u56fe\u7684Schr\u00f6dinger\u65b9\u7a0b\u8fdb\u884c\u6c42\u89e3\uff0cSchr\u00f6dinger\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u89e3\u5c31\u662f\u6ce2\u51fd\u6570\uff0c\u5373\u63cf\u8ff0\u7535\u5b50\u65b9\u4f4d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002 \u56fe2. \u539f\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u56fe\u50cf \u4e0a\u9762\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u719f\u6089\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u4e86\uff0c\u867d\u7136\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u8868\u793a\u5f62\u5f0f\u4e94\u82b1\u516b\u95e8\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u672c\u8d28\u548c\u6700\u6613\u61c2\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u56fe2\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u5427\u3002\u8f68\u9053\u56fe\u516c\u5f0f\u5316\u540e\u7684\u5f0f\u5b50\u5982\u4e0b (5) \u6839\u636eBorn\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5728\u67d0\u5904\u7684\u6ce2\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u5728\u8fd9\u4e00\u5904\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\u6982\u7387\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002\u8bf7\u6ce8\u610f\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u51fa\u73b0\u6982\u7387\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u6982\u7387\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u591a\u6b21\u8bd5\u9a8c\u4e0a\u624d\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u3002\u4e8e\u662f\u4ea7\u751f\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u2014\u2014\u53ea\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u8bdd\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u8003\u8651\u6982\u7387\u5462\uff1f \u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u51e0\u4e4e\u6ca1\u6709\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u4e0a\u8be6\u7ec6\u8bb0\u8f7d\u8fc7\u3002\u6211\u5199\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4e4b\u4e00\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4e86\u56de\u7b54\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u7591\u95ee\u3002 \u8f68\u9053\u56fe\u50cf\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u6982\u5ff5 \u4e3a\u4e86\u89e3\u51b3\u201c\u53ea\u770b\u4e00\u4e2a\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u8bdd\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u8003\u8651\u6982\u7387\u5462\u201d\u7684\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u70b9\u601d\u8003\u60f3\u8c61\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u6765\u8ba9\u6211\u4eec\u505a\u4e2a\u5c0f\u5b9e\u9a8c\u6765\u5b9a\u4f4d\u5728\u5e93\u4ed1\u529b\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0b\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002 \u56fe3. \u6bcf\u6b21\u6d4b\u91cf\u4e2d\u7535\u5b50\u51fa\u73b0\u4f4d\u7f6e\u56fe \u56fe\u4e2d\u84dd\u8272\u7684\u70b9\u5373\u7535\u5b50\u5728\u6bcf\u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c\u91cc\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u6d4b\u5b9a\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u8bef\u5dee\u7684\u3002 \u867d\u7136\u7535\u5b50\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u5f88\u56f0\u6270\u4eba\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u8bef\u5dee\u4e0d\u662f\u4eba\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d88\u9664\u7684\u3002\u8fdb\u884cN\u6b21\u8fd9\u79cd\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6d4b\u5b9a\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7136\u540e\u53d6\u6781\u9650\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u67d0\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f6er=(x0,y0,z0)\u4e0a\u7535\u5b50\u603b\u5171\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u6982\u7387P(r)\u4e3a \u00a0(6) \u6211\u4eec\u628a\u8fd9\u6837\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6982\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u505a\u6210\u4e00\u5f20\u5f20\u56fe\u3002\u56fe3\u4e2d\u6bcf\u5f20\u7535\u5b50\u4f4d\u7f6e\u7684\u56fe\u7247\u53e0\u653e\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5c31\u6c47\u6210\u4e86\u4e00\u5f20\u56fe[2]\u3002 \u56fe4. \u5c06\u5355\u5f20\u7535\u5b50\u51fa\u73b0\u4f4d\u7f6e\u56fe\u53e0\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5c31\u663e\u73b0\u51fa\u201c\u8f68\u9053\u201d\u7684\u6837\u5b50 \u91cd\u53e0\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u201c\u8f68\u9053\u201d\u56fe\u548c\u6211\u4eec\u4ece\u524d\u5370\u8c61\u91cc\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u5927\u76f8\u5f84\u5ead\u3002 p\u8f68\u9053\uff0cd\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u4e5f\u540c\u8fd9\u4e2as\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u4ece\u8fd9\u79cd\u6bcf\u6b21\u5b9e\u9a8c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u56fe\u53e0\u52a0\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5f97\u5230\u8f68\u9053\u5f62\u72b6\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\u4e0d\u96be\u7406\u89e3\u539f\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u56fe1\u4e2d\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u56fe\u662f\u6700\u80fd\u53cd\u6620\u539f\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u3002 \u9664\u4e86\u56fe2\u91cc\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u5916\uff0c\u8fd8\u6709\u4e0b\u56fe\u6837\u5f0f\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0b\u56fe\u8fd9\u7c7b\u8f68\u9053\u56fe\u4e5f\u5f88\u5e38\u89c1\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u79f0\u4e3a\u8f6e\u5ed3\u8868\u793a\u6cd5\u3002 \u56fe5. \u539f\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u8f6e\u5ed3\u8868\u793a \u8f6e\u5ed3\u5212\u5b9a\u4e86\u7535\u5b50\u5b58\u5728\u6982\u7387\u572890\uff5e95\uff05[3]\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u5b83\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u6240\u8868\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6837\uff0c\u8f6e\u5ed3\u56fe\u975e\u5e38\u9002\u5408\u770b\u6e05\u539f\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u8f6e\u5ed3\uff0c\u4f46\u540c\u65f6\u5b83\u53c8\u65e0\u6cd5\u4f53\u73b0\u51fa\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6027\u672c\u8d28\u3002\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u4eba\u770b\u4e86\u56fe5\u90a3\u6837\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u56fe\u5c31\u8bef\u4ee5\u4e3a\u771f\u5b9e\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u56fe\u7247\u4e0a\u90a3\u6837\u3002\u56fe2\u867d\u7136\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u8f6e\u5ed3\u5f88\u6a21\u7cca\uff0c\u4f46\u7528\u4e86\u5c0f\u70b9\u8868\u793a\u539f\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u662f\u6700\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u770b\u8005\u9886\u4f1a\u539f\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u7edf\u8ba1\u6027\u672c\u8d28\u7684\u3002 \u8f68\u9053\u7684\u672c\u8d28 \u73b0\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u77e5\u9053\u8f68\u9053\u662f\u7edf\u8ba1\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u90a3\u4e48\u6211\u4eec\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u8f68\u9053\u5728\u6574\u4e2a\u7a7a\u95f4\u91cc\u90fd\u6709\u5e7f\u6cdb\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5462\uff1f\u5f53\u7136\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\u3002 \u591a\u6b21\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7535\u5b50\u5206\u5e03\u56fe\u786e\u5b9e\u5982\u56fe2\u548c\u56fe5\u5c55\u793a\u7684\u90a3\u6837 \u5728\u6211\u5f00\u59cb\u5b66\u4e60\u6709\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u91cc\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f1a\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7535\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u6ce2\u52a8\u6027\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u7684\u610f\u601d\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u4f1a\u4ee5\u56fe5\u6240\u793a\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u5e76\u975e\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5728\u8f68\u9053\u8303\u56f4\u7684\u54ea\u91cc\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u6216\u4e24\u4e2a\u3002\u60ca\u8bb6\u7684\u662f\u5c31\u8fde\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u5960\u57fa\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u57c3\u5c14\u6e29\u00b7\u859b\u5b9a\u8c14\u4e5f\u66fe\u6709\u8fc7\u540c\u6837\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u4ed6\u8bef\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7535\u5b50\u50cf\u4e91\u4e00\u6837\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e2d\u5f25\u6563\u5206\u5e03\u3002\u4e00\u4e9b\u6559\u79d1\u4e66\u4e0a\u7684\u7528\u9014\u4e5f\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8ba9\u521d\u5b66\u8005\u4ea7\u751f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8bef\u89e3\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u7279\u522b\u6ce8\u610f\u3002 \u90a3\u4e48\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u80fd\u628a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f68\u9053\u56fe\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\u8f68\u8ff9\u5417\uff1f \u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u80fd\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u80fd\u7528\u8089\u773c\u770b\u5230\u7535\u5b50\u662f\u600e\u4e48\u8fd0\u52a8\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0a\u4e00\u56de\u4e2d\u7684Schr\u00f6dinger\u8868\u8fbe\u5f0f\uff082\uff09\u5b66\u5230\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u4e0d\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u91cf\u5b50\u6001\u662f\u8fde\u7eed\u53d8\u5316\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8bef\u5dee\u4e86\u3002\u8fd9\u542c\u8d77\u6765\u5f88\u9ebb\u70e6\uff0c\u7535\u5b50\u5728\u6bcf\u4e2a\u77ac\u95f4\u90fd\u6ca1\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u65e2\u7136\u7535\u5b50\u8f68\u8ff9\u662f\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u80fd\u628a\u8f68\u8ff9\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u8f68\u8ff9\u3002 \u7535\u5b50\u6ca1\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6240\u4ee5\u5c31\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7535\u5b50\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e00\u8bf4\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u975e\u8981\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u80fd\u7cbe\u786e\u5230\u5728\u56fe2\u6240\u793a\u7684\u8303\u56f4\u5185\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u70b9\u3002\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u53ef\u4ee5\u786e\u5b9a\u7535\u5b50\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u7684\u533a\u57df\u7edf\u4e00\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u8f68\u9053\u3002 \u5230\u4e86\u8fd9\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u60f3\u4f60\u4f1a\u660e\u767d\u6211\u4eec\u4e00\u76f4\u4ee5\u6765\u6240\u8bf4\u7684s\u8f68\u9053\u3001p\u8f68\u9053\u3001d\u8f68\u9053\u7b49\u8f68\u9053\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u4e0e\u4f20\u7edf\u65e5\u5e38\u6982\u5ff5\u6709\u591a\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u3002 \u90a3\u4e48\u201c\u628a\u7535\u5b50\u586b\u5145\u8fdb\u8f68\u9053\u201d\u8fd9\u4e2a\u884c\u4e3a\u8be5\u600e\u4e48\u89e3\u91ca\u5462\uff1f\u8fd9\u79cd\u8bf4\u6cd5\u5176\u5b9e\u628a\u8f68\u9053\u548c\u7535\u5b50\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u7275\u7eca\u7ed9\u5272\u88c2\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u4f60\u5982\u679c\u4e0d\u591a\u6b21\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7535\u5b50\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f60\u5c31\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8f68\u9053\u5728\u54ea\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u628a\u7535\u5b50\u586b\u5145\u8fdb\u8f68\u9053\u201d\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e4d\u4e00\u60f3\u5176\u5b9e\u6709\u70b9\u5947\u602a\u3002\u5176\u5b9e\u8fd9\u662f\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u60f3\u51fa\u6765\u7684\u5999\u62db\uff01 \u628a\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u6d4b\u5b9a\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u8303\u56f4\u9ed8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u4e1c\u897f\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5c06\u7535\u5b50\u586b\u5145\u8fdb\u53bb\uff0c\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u4e00\u6837\u7684\uff08\u5e93\u4f26\u573a\u91cc\u6709\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff09 \u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u201c\u8f68\u9053\u662f\u7ecf\u8fc7\u591a\u6b21\u6d4b\u91cf\u540e\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\u201d\u8fd9\u4e00\u524d\u6587\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u767e\u6b63\u786e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8f68\u9053\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u7b97\u662f\u9884\u5148\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u597d\u6bd4\u662f\u5148\u6709\u9e21\u8fd8\u662f\u5148\u6709\u86cb\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5bf9\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u6d4b\u5b9a\u786e\u5b9a\u4e86\u8f68\u9053\uff08\u9e21\u4e0b\u86cb\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u5728\u8f68\u9053\u4e0a\u7684\uff08\u9e21\u86cb\u5b75\u51fa\u5c0f\u9e21\uff09\u3002\u8bfb\u8005\u4eec\u89c1\u4ec1\u89c1\u667a\uff0c\u4ece\u54ea\u4e2a\u89d2\u5ea6\u7406\u89e3\u90fd\u53ef~ \u5148\u8f88\u5316\u5b66\u5bb6\u4eec\u771f\u7684\u8db3\u667a\u591a\u8c0b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u50cf\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u90a3\u6837\u9884\u5148\u51b3\u5b9a\u597d\u67d0\u4e2a\u4f53\u7cfb\uff08\u5c31\u50cf\u4e89\u9e21\u548c\u86cb\u5230\u5e95\u54ea\u4e2a\u73b0\u6709\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5316\u5b66\u7684\u4f18\u70b9\u2014\u2014\u590d\u6742\u6027\u5c31\u5b8c\u5168\u65e0\u6cd5\u8ba8\u8bba\u4e86\u3002 \u5316\u5b66\u5904\u7406\u591a\u7535\u5b50\u7cfb\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e0d\u7ba1\u600e\u4e48\u8bf4\u53cd\u5e94\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u662f\u7535\u5b50\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u591a\u4ee5\u7535\u5b50\u4e3a\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u5316\u5b66\u6765\u8bf4\u53ea\u80fd\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002\u65e0\u673a\u5316\u5b66\u7b49\u7279\u6709\u7684\u7a7a\u8f68\u9053\u7b49\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u91c7\u53d6\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7acb\u573a\u624d\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u8003\u8651\u5230\u591a\u7535\u5b50\u7cfb\u7edf\u5728\u7269\u7406\u4e0a\u65e0\u6cd5\u4e25\u683c\u5904\u7406\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u5316\u5b66\u662f\u806a\u660e\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4f7f\u7528\u9884\u5148\u627f\u8ba4\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u548c\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u8fd1\u4f3c\uff0c\u5316\u5b66\u73b0\u5728\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u7ed3\u5408\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u591a\u539f\u5b50\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u7edc\u5408\u7269\u7b49\u4e30\u5bcc\u7684\u5b66\u672f\u571f\u58e4\u3002 \u8f68\u9053\u540d\u79f0\u7684\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f[4] \u4eca\u5929\u6240\u8bb2\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u82f1\u6587\u540d\u4e3aatomic orbital\u3002\u5206\u5b50\u8f68\u9053\u82f1\u6587\u540d\u4e3amolecular orbital\u3002\u8bf7\u64e6\u773c\u775b\uff0c\u5b83\u662forbital\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662forbit\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\u6211\u5148\u8bb2\u4e00\u70b9\u5386\u53f2\u80cc\u666f\u3002 \u73b0\u5728\u5b66\u4e60\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\uff0c\u662f\u4ece\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u524d\u671f\u91cf\u5b50\u8bba\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66\u7684\u9ece\u660e\u65f6\u671f\uff0cBohr\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u7ecf\u8fc710\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u6f14\u53d8\u6765\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u4e2aBohr\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6a21\u578b\u662f\u5728\u4f20\u7edf\u8f68\u9053\u4e0a\u5f3a\u884c\u52a0\u5165\u5f53\u65f6\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8bba\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e9\u671f\u7248\u672c\u3002\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u65f6\u5019\u8fd8\u5728\u8003\u8651\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u5355\u8bcdorbit\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8bcd\u6765\u547d\u540d\u3002\u4e4b\u540e\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0e\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u76f4\u89c2\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u6ce2\u51fd\u6570\u753b\u4e86\u7b49\u53f7\uff0c\u4e8e\u662f\u75281s orbit\uff0c2s orbital\u2026\u2026\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u8bcd1s orbital function\uff0c2s orbital function\u2026\u2026\u6765\u4ee3\u66ff\u6210\u4e3a\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u65b0\u540d\u8bcd\uff08orbit\u662f\u540d\u8bcd\uff0corbital\u662f\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\uff09\u3002 \u8fd9\u4e2a\u540d\u79f0\u5b9e\u5728\u662f\u592a\u5408\u7406\u4e86\u3002 \u56e0\u4e3a\u5728\u7ecf\u5178\u8f68\u9053\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u91cf\u5b50\u6570n\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u4e3a\u81ea\u7136\u6570\uff0c\u5219\u5b83\u4e0e\u8f68\u9053\u534a\u5f84\u4e00\u4e00\u5bf9\u5e94\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7535\u5b50\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u662f\u786e\u5b9a\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0e\u81ea\u7136\u6570n\u7684\u5bf9\u5e94\u6765\u8ba1\u6570\u3002\u4f7f\u7528orbit\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4ee3\u8868\u7ecf\u5178\u8f68\u9053\u7684\u8bcd\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u8bba\u4e2d\u7684\u8f68\u9053\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u6709\u504f\u5dee\u7684\uff0c\u8bf4\u5230\u5e95\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u6765\u8868\u793a\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5c06\u5176\u79f0\u4e3aorbital function\u5916\u522b\u65e0\u4ed6\u6cd5\u3002\u73b0\u5728function\u88ab\u62bd\u79bb\u51fa\u6765\uff0c\u53ea\u5269orbital\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5f62\u5bb9\u8bcd\u88ab\u7528\u6765\u79f0\u4e3a\u8f68\u9053\u3002 \u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u5374\u88ab\u540c\u6837\u88ab\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u4e86\u8f68\u9053\uff0c\u6709\u70b9\u5e26\u6709\u8bef\u5bfc\u6027\u4e86\u3002\u7b14\u8005\u4e2a\u4eba\u89c9\u5f97\u5728\u7ffb\u8bd1\u4e0a\u5e94\u8be5\u4f53\u533a\u5206\u4e00\u4e0b\u201c\u8f68\u9053\u201d\u548c\u201c\u8f68\u9053\u51fd\u6570\u201d\u6bd4\u8f83\u597d \u3002 ~\u5b8c~ \u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e [1]\u6e05\u6c34\u660e, \u7b2c1\u7ae0\u3000\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u306e\u7834\u7dbb\u3000\u7b2c2\u7ae0\u3000\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u67a0\u7d44\u307f\u300c\u65b0\u7248\u3000\u91cf\u5b50\u8ad6\u306e\u57fa\u790e\u300d\u30b5\u30a4\u30a8\u30f3\u30b9\u793e, 2018\u5e74, pp10-14, 19-21. [2]\u539f\u5cf6\u9bae\u3000\u7b2c14\u7ae0 \u6c34\u7d20\u985e\u4f3c\u539f\u5b50\u3000\u300c\u521d\u7b49\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b66(\u6539\u8a02\u7248)\u300d\u88f3\u83ef\u623f,\u00a0 2018\u5e74. [3]JOHN McMURRY, \u7b2c1\u7ae0\u3000\u539f\u5b50\u306e\u69cb\u9020:\u8ecc\u9053\u00a0 \u00a0ORGANIC CEMISTRY Ninth Edition\u00a0 \u6771\u4eac\u5316\u5b66\u540c\u4eba, 2017\u5e74, pp4-5. [4]\u85e4\u6c38\u8302\u3000\u7b2c3\u7ae0\u30001\u4e2d\u5fc31\u96fb\u5b50\u7cfb\u3000\u300c\u5165\u9580\u5206\u5b50\u8ecc\u9053\u6cd5\u3000\u5206\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u3092\u624b\u304c\u3051\u308b\u524d\u306b\u300d\u8b1b\u8ac7\u793e, 2008\u5e74, pp43-45 \u672c\u6587\u7248\u6743\u5c5e\u4e8e\u00a0Chem-Station\u5316\u5b66\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c \u6b22\u8fce\u70b9\u51fb\u6309\u94ae\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u672a\u7ecf\u8bb8\u53ef\uff0c\u8c22\u7edd\u8f6c\u8f7d","protected":false},"author":26,"featured_media":40984,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[414],"tags":[3704,2843,1984],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/assets.www.gsbet888.com\/uploads\/2022\/01\/455e09ae579b2b1f5f958b1dd37759e8-8.png","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p96op1-aF8","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40990"}],"collection":[{"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/26"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40990"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40990\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":41031,"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40990\/revisions\/41031"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40990"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40990"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"\/\/www.gsbet888.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40990"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}